本文旨在探討阿拉斯加原住民族礦權之立法背景與過程，並闡釋相關法院判例。基本上，在接觸歐洲國家前，阿拉斯加原住民族存在自我治理的事實。因此，美國政府承認阿拉斯加原住民族部落是具有自我管理與各自獨立的政治社群。1971年，美國國會公布『阿拉斯加原住民族土地權利法案』（ANCSA），開始處理阿拉斯加原住民族對土地及相關資源使用的權利。有關礦權之管理，依據ANCSA，區域法人對其管有之土地享有其上利益轉讓之權利；另外，ANCSA增修條文亦顯示，無論國會原本的政策取向為何，其現已支持原住民族部落之自我治理與自我管領的政策。

The purpose of this article is to discuss the legislative background, process and the court cases of mineral rights of Alaska indigenous peoples. In 1971, the United States Congress announced the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA), which began to deal with the right of Alaska's indigenous peoples to use land and related resources. Regarding the management of mineral rights, regional corporations have the right to transfer land interests. The ANCSA amendments show that Congress supported the self-governance and self-domination policies of indigenous tribes.