The Chinese character is so complicated and difficult for both Chinese students and foreign students. To enhance the efficiency of Chinese character learning becomes a difficult task for teachers teaching Chinese as a foreign or second language. In the end of the 16th century, the Society of Jesus, pioneer of sinology, has been deemed as a learning model of Chinese language for European learners. Matteo Ricci (1552-1610), arriving in Macau in 1582 could communicate with the Confucian scholars and write books in Chinese within more than ten years. We observe that the success of Ricci's methods and strategies in learning Chinese characters can be attributed to the mnemotechnics from ancient Greece. With this understanding, the purpose of this paper is two-fold: (i) to introduce Ricci's Xiguo Jifa in an attempt to find ways to improve efficiency of learning Chinese characters from cognitive linguistic perspectives, and (ii) to investigate the cognitive mechanisms of character image encoding in terms of Ricci's reasoning on morphological decomposition and reconstruction in order to apply to teaching Chinese as a second or foreign language nowadays