肥胖是21世紀全球公共衛生議題的焦點，臺灣是肥胖的高風險國家，肥胖對於兒童身體的健康與認知執行功能有諸多負面的影響，體育課可以讓過重／肥胖兒童有規律的運動時間，因此，本文旨在體育課融入認知與執行功能的概念對於過重／肥胖孩童學習效果之影響。在回顧相關文獻，分析結果發現過重／肥胖兒童與體適能較差兒童在閱讀、數學、語言表現皆低於標準值，過重／肥胖會影響學童學習效果與認知表現，兒童時期是關鍵的發展期，應給予適當的刺激將有助於認知功能的發展。肥胖對於認知與執行功能都存在著負面效益，而過重／肥胖兒童具有高體適能者對執行功能則有較佳的表現，另外，體育課融入認知與執行功能元素的課程，將有助於過重／肥胖孩童的學習效果。本文建議增加過重／肥胖孩童運動量或提高身體適能，能提升過重／肥胖兒童在學校的學習效果及課業表現。教師可在體育課安排較具認知挑戰性的課程，例如網球、籃球、足球、競技疊杯等活動，皆可以提升學童認知與執行功能和提升學習效果。

Obesity is a global public health issue in the 21st century, in part because it has many negative effects on children's physical health and cognitive executive functions during a key period of their development. Taiwan is a high-risk country for obesity. The purpose of this article is to motivate change regarding the concept of integrating cognitive and executive functions in physical education classes to improve the learning effects of overweight/obese children. In reviewing relevant literature, the analysis found that children who are overweight/obese and display poor physical fitness also obtain below-average scores in reading, math, and language performance. However, overweight/ obese children with high fitness have better performance on executive functions. Physical education lessons which integrate regular exercise with appropriate stimulation of cognitive and executive function elements will improve the learning effects of overweight/obese children. This article recommends increasing the amount of exercise or physical fitness of overweight/obese children to improve their learning and school performance. Teachers can arrange more cognitively challenging lessons in physical education, such as tennis, basketball, football, competitive cups and other activities, which can improve children's cognitive and executive functions and enhance learning results.