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外文摘要
引文資料
題名:
點與線的選擇:十九世紀末臺灣盲用文字的演變
書刊名:
特殊教育研究學刊
作者:
邱大昕
作者(外文):
Chiu, Tasing
出版日期:
2020
卷期:
45:1
頁次:
頁97-112
主題關鍵詞:
甘為霖
;
盲人教育史
;
盲用文字
;
特殊教育史
;
Blind education history
;
Braille
;
Campbell
;
Special education history
原始連結:
連回原系統網址
相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(
2
) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:
1
共同引用:
5
點閱:3
臺灣盲人特殊教育迄今已有一百三十多年的歷史,不過目前對早期盲人教育的瞭解非常有限且有不少訛傳。本文旨在探討與釐清十九世紀末,臺灣盲人所使用的文字系統及其演變過程。使用之資料主要來自英國與臺灣基督教會與圖書館保存的歷史檔案與相關書籍。從英國格拉斯哥大學的特藏室,與臺灣基督長老教會歷史檔案館所保留的盲人讀本,可以得知早期臺灣盲用文字至少有穆恩字體(Moon)和布萊爾點字(Braille)兩種。但根據史料記載,在此之前盲人可能還使用過近似羅馬字母的亞士頓(Alston)線體字。從亞士頓、穆恩等線體字到使用布萊爾點字,過去視為不可避免的進步趨勢。然而盲文字體的選擇涉及許多不同考量,而非單純由學習效率或製作成本來決定。甘為霖考慮不同年齡層盲人的需要而決定點線並用,穆瑞則從盲童發展到文盲明眼人的教育因此將點連成線,最後羅馬字母點字成為主流主要則是考慮到中國方言種類與教會發展之歷史因素。過去許多障礙研究以為,早期特殊教育多由健全者(able-bodied)的角度出發,而不是基於障礙學生自身的需要。障礙權利意識抬頭之後,布萊爾點字和手語才開始為盲啞學校所接受。然而實際上盲文字體的選擇牽涉因素很多,許多時候是同時考慮障礙者與非障礙者的結果。
以文找文
Purpose: Although special education has been provided to people who are blind for more than 130 years in Taiwan, little is known about its early development. The purpose of this article was to explore and clarify reading systems used by people who are blind in Taiwan during the late 19th century, as well as describe the evolution of these systems. Methods: The majority of materials used in this study were historical archives and books maintained by Christian churches and libraries in the United Kingdom and Taiwan. These data were analyzed and compared to determine the types of reading systems for people who are blind that were used in Taiwan during the late 19th century and to reveal reasons for their adoption. Results/Findings: Textbooks for people who are blind maintained in the special collection room of the University of Glasgow, United Kingdom, and the historical archives room of the Presbyterian Church in Taiwan revealed at least two reading systems, namely Moon type and Braille type. However, according to historical records, people who are blind may also have used Alston type, which is similar to the Roman alphabet, before Moon type and Braille type were adopted. The evolution from line-based reading systems, such as Alston type and Moon type, to the dotted Braille type has often been regarded as inevitable. However, the choice of reading system requires consideration of many different factors in addition to learning efficiency and production cost. William Campbell considered the varying needs of people who are blind of different ages and thus decided to use both dots and lines. As for William Murray, he employed Braille for children who are blind and later connected the dots into lines to teach sighted illiterate people. Braille, which is based on the Roman alphabet, triumphed as the mainstream reading system in Taiwan due to the variety of Chinese dialects and the history of missionary work. Conclusions/Implications: Disability studies have often argued that early special education was developed from the perspective of the able-bodied, without considering the needs of students with disabilities. Only with rising awareness of disability rights did Braille and sign language become accepted by schools for children who are blind and those who are deaf. Nevertheless, many practical factors are involved in the choice of the reading system for people who are blind, and the decision in fact results from the simultaneous consideration of people both with and without disabilities.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
Chiu, Tasing(2014)。Braille, Amma and Integration: The Hybrid Evolution of Education for the Blind in Taiwan, 1870s-1970s。Paedagogica Historica,50(1/2),182-194。
2.
邱大昕(20150300)。盲流非盲流:日治時期臺灣盲人的流動與遷移。臺灣史研究,22(1),1-24。
延伸查詢
3.
毛連塭(19730400)。盲童點字摸讀研究。師友月刊,70,18-21。
延伸查詢
4.
邱大昕(20191200)。尋找甘為霖:英國數位歷史檔案的蒐集與運用。師大臺灣史學報,12,185-206。
延伸查詢
5.
郭衛東(2006)。基督教新教傳教士與中國盲文體系的演進。近代史研究,2006(2),110-124。
延伸查詢
6.
Blodget, H.。Mr. Murray's method of applying Braille's system for the instruction of the blind。The Chinese Recorder,22(6),256-260。
7.
Boden, F.(1893)。Work for the blind in China。Work and Workers in the Mission Field,2,471-475。
8.
Campbell, W.(1890)。Education and work for the Chinese blind。The Chinese Recorder,21(10),448-453。
9.
Campbell, W.(1915)。Work for the blind: Formosa。The Presbyterian Messenger,1915(Mar.),96-98。
10.
Dudgeon, J.(1896)。The Peking Blind Mission。The Chinese Recorder,27(6),270-274。
11.
Ede, G.(18871201)。Story of the blind hospital-porter in Taiwanfoo。The Presbyterian Messenger,1887(Dec.),6-7。
12.
Gordon-Cumming, C. F.(1904)。Easy reading for illiterate Chinese。The East and the West,2,249-266。
13.
Luxwell(19360402)。Education and work for the blind。The China Critic,1936(Apr.),8-12。
14.
Oliphant, J.(2008)。"Touching the Light": the invention of literacy for the blind。Paedagogica Historica,44(1/2),67-82。
15.
Russell, S. M.、Dudgeon, J.、Ament, W. S.、Lowry, H. H.、Gamewell, F. D.、Owen, G.、Meech, S. E.、Stonehouse, J.(1896)。To the editor of the "Glasgow Herald"。The Chinese Recorder,27(6),275-278。
會議論文
1.
Murray, W. H.(1890)。Teaching the Chinese blind。The General Conference of the Protestant Missionaries of China。Shanghai:American Presbyterian Mission Press。302-306。
2.
Taylor, A.(1908)。The Blind in Eastern Countries。The second triennial international conference on the blind and exhibition。Manchester:Taylor, Garnett, Evans, & Co.。181-186。
研究報告
1.
Crossett, J.(18890118)。Education of the blind。
圖書
1.
潘稀祺(2004)。臺灣盲人教育之父--甘為霖博士傳。台南:人光出版社。
延伸查詢
2.
Campbell, William M.(1889)。An Account of Missionary Success in The Island of Formosa。London:Trübner & Co.。
3.
潘德仁(1986)。世界盲教育史。台中:私立惠明學校。
延伸查詢
4.
甘為霖、林弘宣、許雅琦、陳佩馨(2009)。素描福爾摩沙:甘為霖台灣筆記。前衛出版社。
延伸查詢
5.
Campbell, William(1915)。Sketches from Formosa。Marshall Brothers。
6.
白今愚(1965)。盲教育。台北市:正中書局。
延伸查詢
7.
楊士養(1966)。台灣信仰名人略傳。臺南:臺灣教會公報社。
延伸查詢
8.
Barber, W. T. A.(1899)。David Hill: Missionary and Saint。London:Charles H. Kelly。
9.
白今愚(1956)。怎樣實施盲教育。臺北:復興。
延伸查詢
10.
Campbell, W.、高宇翔、袁東(2018)。中國盲人:對戈登.庫明女士宣傳瞽叟通文的批評。臺北:華騰。
延伸查詢
11.
Gordon-Cumming, C. F.、高宇翔、袁東(2019)。瞽叟通文:與北京盲校早期發展。臺北:華騰。
延伸查詢
12.
鈴木力二(1985)。図説盲教育史事典。東京:日本図書センター。
延伸查詢
13.
Alston, J.(1839)。Statements of the education, employments and internal arrangements, adopted at the asylum for the blind。Glasgow:John Smith。
14.
Dunbar, H.(1989)。History of the society for the blind in Glasgow and the west of Scotland 1859-1989。Blanefield:Heatherbank Press。
15.
Gordon-Cumming, C. F.(1892)。Work for the Blind in China。London:Gilbert & Rivington。
16.
Gordon-Cumming, C. F.(1898)。The inventor of the numeral-type for China。London:Downey & Co.。
17.
Levy, W. H.(1872)。Blindness and the blind: Or, a treatise on the science of typhlology。London:Chapman and Hall。
18.
Moon, W.(1873)。Light For The Blind: A History Of The Origin And Success Of Moon's System Of Reading For The Blind。London:Longman & Co.。
19.
Pritchard, D. G.(1963)。Eudcation and the handicapped 1760-1960。London:Routledge & K. Paul。
20.
Rutherfurd, J.(1898)。William Moon, LL.D., F.R.G.S., F.S.A., and his work for the blind。London:Hodder and Stoughton。
21.
Tilley, H.(2018)。Blindness and writing: From wordsworth to gissing。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。
22.
Wagg, H. J.、Thomas, M. G.(1932)。A chronological survey of work for the blind。London:Sir Issac Pitman & Sons。
23.
萬明美(2001)。視障教育。台北市:五南。
延伸查詢
24.
賴永祥(2000)。教會史話。臺南:臺灣教會公報社。
延伸查詢
圖書論文
1.
毛連塭(1990)。台灣盲教育一百年。特殊教育壹百年。臺南:臺灣省立臺南啟聰學校。
延伸查詢
2.
許澤銘(1990)。台南盲啞學校誕生之經緯—百年前逸聞之窺探。特殊教育壹百年。臺南:臺灣省立臺南啟聰學校。
延伸查詢
3.
Ede, G.(1895)。Formosa: Blind Chhin-A。Our Own Missions。
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