The Wangchuan people in the Lake Tai basin were regarded as a marginal group, marked by discrimination in the areas of politics, economics and morality. Their boat-based livelihood provides members of this group with a sense of identity. Due to its strong inertia, this kind of livelihood was transmitted down from generation to generation. Being excluded from the mainstream belief system of the land group, the Wangchuan people generally believe in the "Hongsan sect" or Catholicism. Catholicism, introduced in the 17^(th) century, served as an alternative for their religious life, and seemed to be more attractive to those who were relatively disadvantaged in this group. Although two beliefs within the Wangchuan people have gone their separate ways for hundreds of years, doctrines do overlap and are interwoven on both sides. Nevertheless, the public governance model provided by institutional Catholicism stimulated the integration of the loosely united Wangchuan people into a stable community. But on the other hand, the church hierarchy was involved in the reconstruction of the Wangchuan people's social network, especially promoting the reproduction of internal relationships between their minimum units. The social-rite alliance of the Church, which is more strongly shaped than that of folk religions, emphasizes aspects of both economics and quotidian life, thus serving as an obligatory and regulating force for the Wangchuan people.