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題名：	團體諮商中倫理問題之探討
書刊名：	輔導學報
作者：	牛格正
出版日期：	1984
卷期：	7
頁次：	頁1-19
主題關鍵詞：	倫理；團體諮商
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(4) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:4 共同引用:0 點閱:22

團體工作的普遍發展，引發出許多團體活動的倫理問題，其中尤以小團體之情況更為嚴重。因此，為了防止倫理非行的發生，美國各有關學會積極修訂他們的倫理守則，輔導學者們在著作中，也表示了對此一問題的嚴重關切。我國各級學校及社會輔導機構，也逐漸樂於採用團體模式的輔導與諮商，以促進輔助成效。因此，我們不能不正視有關領導團體的倫理問題，以提高領導者對倫理責任的警覺，確保團體成員的基本權益。這也是本文的主要目的。根據輔導學者們的著述與研究，先就倫理意識與倫理行為的關係，加以探討，以為衡鑑倫理責任倫理判斷的依據。再就領導者的專業教育與專業訓練，深入研究，以說明專業團體領導者角色的倫理涵義。最後，就團體諮商實務中的主要倫理行為，詳與分析，以識別各人在團體活動中的倫理責任，並在特殊情境中，做較穩健而正確前倫理判斷，藉可避免倫理非行的發生。

以文找文

Group work has been used widely as tools in human services since the last three decades. Because of the fast spread of group work, especially in forms of group counseling, many ethical problems instilled a serious concern for unethical practices in the helping profession. Group counseling is adopted also by counselors in this country as effective means of helping. It is necessary, therefore, ethical concerns should call the attention of our group practitioners that they may be aware of their ethical responsibilities to protect the basic rights and benefits of members in the groups they are leading. Based upon the writings and researches of professionals and experts in the field of guidance and counseling, this article is structured in dealing first with the relationship between ethical consciousness and ethical behaviors to lay a foundation for the assessment of ethical responsibilities and the forming of ethical judgment. Then, the author proceeds to give a deep look into the ethical implications of leadership behavior in terms of the required professional training and experiences. Finally, the ethical and unethical behaviors of both leaders and members in the group process are analyzed to define their respective ethical responsibilities and to help the leaders to make appropriate ethical judgments in ambiguous situations.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Kohlberg, Lawrence(1966)。Moral Education in the School:A Developmental View。The School Review，74(1)，1-30。
2.	Stenack, R. J.、Dye, H. A.(1982)。Behavioral descriptions of counseling supervision roles。Counselor Education and Supervision，21(4)，295-304。
3.	Corey, Gerald、Corey, Marianne Schneider、Callanan, Patrick、Russell, J. Michael(1982)。Ethical considerations in using group techniques。Journal of Specialists in Group Work，7(3)，140-148。
4.	Bernard, J. M.(1979)。Supervisor training: A discrimination model。Counselor Education and Supervision，19(1)，60-68。
5.	Baldick, T. L.(1980)。Ethical discrimination ability of intern psychologists: A function of training in Ethics。Professional Psychology，11，276-282。
6.	Cormier, L. S.、Bernard, J. M.(1982)。Ethical and legal responsibilities of clinical supervisors。Personnel and Guidance Journal，60，486-491。
7.	Talbutt, L. C.(1981)。Ethical standards: Assets and limitations。Personnel and Guidance Journal，60(2)，110-112。
8.	Krumboltz, J. D.(1967)。Changing the behavior of behavior changers。Counselor Education and Supervision，6，222-229。
9.	Aubrey, R. F.(1982)。Program Planning and Evaluation Road Map of the 80s。Elementary School Guidance & Counseling，17(1)，52-65。
10.	Arbuckle, D. S.(1958)。Five Philosophical Issues in Counseling。Journal of Counseling Psychology，5，211-215。
11.	Arbuckle, D. S.(1963)。The Learning of Counseling: Process not Product。Journal of Counseling Psychology，10，163-168。
12.	Baumrind, D.(1971)。Principles of Ethical Conduct in the Treatment of Subjects。American Psychologist，26，887-896。
13.	Berman, A. L.(1975)。Group Psychotherapy Training: Issues and Models。Small Group Behavior，6，325-344。
14.	Beymer, L.(1970)。Confrontation Groups: Hula Hoops?。Counselor Education and Supervision，9(2)，75-86。
15.	Boy, J. M.、Pine, G. J.(1966)。Facilitative Training: Acquisition, Retention, and Modes of Assessment。Journal of Counseling Psychology，20，60-65。
16.	Clark, C. M.(1965)。On the Process of Counseling Supervision。Counselor Education and Supervision，4，64-67。
17.	Corazzirni, J. G.、Anderson, S. M.(1980)。An Apprentice Model for Training Group Leaders: Revitalizing Group Treatment。Journal for Specialists in Group Work，5，29-35。
18.	Davis, K. L.(1980)。Is Confidentiality in Group Counseling Realistic?。Personnel and Guidance Journal，59，197-201。
19.	Davis, K. L.、Meara, N. M.(1982)。So You think It Is a Secret。Journal for Specialists in Group Work，7，149-153。
20.	De Boer, G. E.、Hayes, R. L.(1982)。The Human Service Educator: A Collaborative Model for Counselors and Teachers。Personnel and Guidance Journal，61(2)，77-80。
21.	De Palma, H.、Drake, R. M.(1956)。Professional Ethics for Graduate Students in Psychology。American Psychologists，11，554-557。
22.	Dye, A.(1981)。Challenges to Ethical Behavior in Group Work。Counseling and Values，25，227-235。
23.	Foster, H. M.(1975)。The Conflict and Reconciliation of the Ethical Interests of Therapist and Patient。Journal of Psychiatry and Law，3(1)，39-48。
24.	Garni, K. F.(1982)。Accreditation guidelines for university and college counseling services。Personnel and Guidance Journal，61(2)，116-121。
25.	Gazda, G.、Duncan, J.、Sisson, P.(1971)。Professional Issues in Group Work。Personnel and Guidance Journal，49(8)，279-284。
26.	Welfel, E. R.、Lipsitz, N. E.(1983)。Ethical Orientation of Counselors: Its Relationship to Moral Reasoning and Level of Training。Counselor Education and Supervision，23(1)，35-45。
27.	Zimpfer, D.(1971)。Needed: Professional Ethics for Working With Groups。Personnel and Guidance Journal，50，280-287。
28.	Watson, K. L.、Anchor, K. N.(1974)。Supervision and The Therapy Practicum Experience。Catalog of Selected Documents Psychology，4。
29.	Wantz, R. A.、Scherman, A.、Hollis, J. W.(1982)。Trends in Counselor Education: Courses, Program Emphases, Philosophical Orientation, and Experimental Components。Counselor Education and Supervision，21(3)，258-268。
30.	Roberts, A. L.(1982)。Ethical Guidelines for Group Leaders。Journal for Specialists in Group Work，7，174-181。
31.	Rappaport, J.、Cross, T.、Lepper, C.(1973)。Modeling Sensitivity Training and Instruction Implications for the Training of College Student Volunteers and for Outcome Research。Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology，49，99-107。
32.	Peterson, G. W.、Burck, H. D.(1982)。A Competency Approach to Accountability in Human Service Programs。Personnel and Guidance Journal，61，492-495。
33.	Paradise, L.、Siegelwaks, B. J.(1982)。Ethical Training For Group Leaders。Journal for Specialists in Group Work，7(3)，162-166。
34.	Paradise, L.、Kramer, H.(1981)。Special Issue: Ethics in Counseling。Counseling and Values，25。
35.	Olsen, L. C.(1971)。Ethical Standards for Group Leaders。Personnel and Guidance Journal，50(4)。
36.	Lister, J. L.(1966)。Supervised Counseling Experiences: Some Comments。Counselor Education and Supervision，6，69-72。
37.	Ohlsen, M. M.(1975)。Group Leader Preparation。Counselor Education and Supervision，14，215-220。
38.	Krupp, S.、Wheelan, S. A.(1979)。A Description and Evaluation of a Course to Train Group-based Trainees。Journal for Specialists in Group Work，4，21-23。
39.	Lechowicz, J. S.、Gazda, G. M.(1975)。Group Counseling Instruction: Objectives Established by Experts。Counseling Education and Supervision，15，21-27。
40.	Kottler, J. A.(1982)。Unethical Behaviors We All Do and Pretend We Do Not。Journal for Specialists in Group Work，7，182-186。
41.	Kottler, J. A.(1981)。The Development of Guidelines for Training Group Leaders: A Synergistic Model。Journal for Specialists in Group Work，6，125-129。
42.	Kottler, J. A.(1978)。A Question of Ethics。Journal for Specialists in Group Work，3，21-24。
43.	Kirschenbaum, H.(1976)。Clarifying Values Clarification: Some Theoretical Issues and a Review of Research。Group and Organizational Studies，1(1)，99-116。
44.	Kaplowitz, D.(1967)。Teaching Empathic Responsiveness in the Supervisory Process of Psychotherapy。American Journal of Psychotherapy，4，774-778。
45.	Jorgensen, G. T.、Weigel, R. G.(1973)。Training Psychotherapists: Practice Regarding Ethics, Personal Growth, and Locus of Responsibility。Professional Psychology，4，23-27。
46.	Hartley, J.、Roback, H. B.、Abramowitz, S. I.(1976)。Determination Effects in Encounter Groups。American Psychologist，31(3)，247-255。
47.	Hackney, H. L.(1971)。Development of a Pre-practicum Counseling Skills Model。Counselor Education and Supervision，11，102-109。
48.	Gurk, M. D.、Wicas. E. A.(1979)。Generic Models of Counseling Supervision: Counseling Instruction dichotomy and consultation metamodel。Personnel and Guidance Journal，57，402-408。
49.	Gumaer, J.、Duncan, J. A.(1983)。Group Workers Perceptions of Their Philosophical Ethical Beliefs and Actual Ethical Practice。Journal for Specialists in Group Work，8，231-237。
50.	Gumaer, J.(1982)。Ethics and Experts: Insight Into Critical Incidents。Journal for Specialists in Group Work，7，154-161。

學位論文
1.	Paradise, L. V.(1976)。Toward a Theory on The Ethical Behavior of Counselors(博士論文)。University of Virginia。

圖書
1.	Van Hoose, W. H.、Kottler, J. A.(1977)。Ethical and legal issues in counseling and psychotherapy。San Francisco, CA：Jossey-Bass。
2.	Van Hoose, W. H.、Paradise, L. V.(1979)。Ethics in counseling and psychotherapy: Perspectives in issues and decision making。Carroll Press。
3.	Yalom, Irvin D.(1975)。The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy。New York：Basic Books。
4.	Shaw, Marvin E.(1981)。Group Dynamics: The Psychology of Small Group Behavior。New York：McGraw-Hill。
5.	Corey, G.、Corey, M. S.(1982)。Groups: process and practice。Monterey, California：Brooks/Cole。
6.	Corey, G. F.(1981)。Theory and practice of group counseling。Monterey, Calf.：Brooks/Cole。
7.	American Psychological Association(1977)。Ethical Standards of Psychologist。Washington, D. C.。
8.	American Psychological Association(1981)。Guidelines for Psychologists conducting Growth Groups。Washington, D. C.。
9.	American Personnel and Guidance Association(1981)。Ethical Standards。Falls Church, Va.：APGA。
10.	Association for Counselors Education and Supervision(1973)。Standards for the preparation of Counselors and Other Personnel Services Specialists。Washington, D. C.：APGA。
11.	Association for Specialists in Group Work(1980)。Ethical Guidelines for Group Leaders。Albany, N. Y.：Association for Specialists in Group Work。
12.	Bahm, A. J.(1974)。Ethics As A Behavioral Science。Springfield, Ill.：Charles C Thomas。
13.	Corey, G.、Corey, M. S.、Callanan, P.(1979)。Professional and Ethical Issues in Counseling and Psychotherapy。Monterey, Calf.：Brooks/Cole。
14.	Corey, G.、Corey, M. S.、Callanan, P.、Russell, M.(1982)。Group Techniques。Monterey, Calf.：Brooks/Cole。
15.	Dyer, W. W.、Vriend, J.(1975)。Counseling Techniques that Work。Washington, D. C.：APGA Press。
16.	Gazda, G. M.(1978)。Group Counseling: A Developmental Approach。Boston：Allyn and Bacon。
17.	Trotzer, J. P.(1977)。The Counselor and The Group: Integrating Theory, Training, and Practice。Monterey, Calif.：Brooks/Cole。
18.	Lakin, M.(1972)。Experimental Groups: The Use of Interpersonal Encounter, Psychotherapy Groups, and Sensitivity Training。Morristown, N.J.：General Learning Press。
19.	Kopp, S.(1976)。The Naked Therapist。San Diego：Edits。
20.	Kemp, C. G.(1970)。Perspectives on The Group Process。Boston：Houghton-Mifflin。
21.	Kell, B. L.、Mueller, W. J.(1966)。Impact and Change。New York：Appleton-Century-Crofts。
22.	Kell, B. L.、Burrow, J. M.(1970)。Developmental Counseling and Therapy。Boston：Houghton Mifflin。
23.	Hensen, J. C.、Warner, R. W.、Smith, E. M.(1980)。Group Counseling: Theory and Process。Chicago：Rand McNally。

其他
1.	American Mental Health Counselors Association(1980)。Code of Ethics for Certified Clinical Mental Counselors。

圖書論文
1.	Rowe, W.、Winborn, B. B.(1973)。What People Fear About Group Work: An Analysis of Thirty-Six Selected Critical Articles。Counseling Effectively in Groups。Englewood Cliffs, N. J.：Educational Technology Publications。
2.	Shostrom, E.(1972)。Group Therapy: Let the Buyer Beware。Group Procedures: Purposes, Processes and Outcomes。Boston：Houghton Mifflin。
3.	Rossberg, R.(1980)。Issues and Guidelines in Ethics and Training。Grounseling: Theory and Process。Chicago：Rand McNally。

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1.	未成年人團體諮商之倫理困境與因應策略
2.	諮商專業倫理
3.	團體成員流失問題之探討
4.	諮商督導中倫理問題之探討

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