圖書| 1. | Ing, R. O.(1972)。Mandarin Sounds。Mandarin Training Center, National Taiwan Normal University。   |
| 2. | International Phonetic Association(1957)。The Principles of the International Phonetic Association。Department of Phonetics, University College London。 |
| 3. | Kenyon, John S.、Knott, Thomas A.(1953)。A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English。Merriam-Webster Inc.。 |
| 4. | 國立台灣師範大學國音敎材編輯委員會(1985)。國音學。正中書局。 延伸查詢 |
| 5. | 趙元任(1968)。A Grammar of Spoken Chinese。University of California Press。 |