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題名：A Study of Maternal Beliefs in Relation to Children's Social Competence
書刊名：師大學報
作者：潘慧玲 引用關係
出版日期：1990
卷期：35
頁次：頁95-122
主題關鍵詞：母親；兒童；社會；信念；能力
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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  • 點閱點閱:26
本研究之主要目的在了解母親對於拉距策略(distancing strategy)的信念與兒童社會能力間之關聯，其次在探討母親的拉距信念(beliefs about distancing)是否會因溝通情境（社會性或認知性情境）而有所不同。 　　參與本研究之樣本包括來自於五個學前機構的六十九個兒童（年齡範圍為45至82個月）及其母親，在這參與研究的樣本中，除了一家外，其餘均為白人。本研究之獨立變項為母親之拉距信念，其以「溝通偏好方式」問卷測得，所謂拉距信念意指母親對於使用拉距策略之信念，拉距策略可用於父母與子女的溝通談話中，目的是使兒童在心理上遠離此時此刻所發生的事件，運用推理能力去回憶過去的經驗，計畫或預期未來的結果，並運用不同的符號系統去儲存運用這些資料。本研究即在了解母親對於使用拉距策略的信念如何地影響兒童的社會能力。本研究之依變項-社會能力，包括社會問題幾決能力、同儕地位、行為問題與社會行為觀察等四指標。 　　本研究之主要發現如下： 　　1.母親信念與兒童年齡對於兒童社會問題解決能力具交互作用效果，亦即對於五至六歲之兒童、母親偏好拉距策略之使用有助於兒童社會問題解決之能力，然此不適用於五歲以下之兒童。 　　2.母親信念與其教育程度對於兒童正面性之社會行為具交互作用效果，亦即對於教育程度較高之母親，其偏好拉距策略之使用，並無益於兒童正面性社會行為之增進，然對於教育程度較低之母親，其對於拉距策略之偏好，有助於兒童正面性社會行為之發展，此發現可能由於高受教程度之母親對於兒童有多種有效之教養方法，以致於拉距信念便無法突顯其影響力。 　　3.對於不同溝通情境（社會性或認知性情境）而言，母親較偏好於認知情境中使用拉距策略。
The major purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship of maternal beliefs about distancing as a communicational strategy with children's social competence. Secondly, this study examined how mother's beliefs about distancing might differ according to the type of childrearing situation (social vs. cognitive). Sixty-nine children aged 45 to 82 months and their mothers were participants in the study. All of the participating families except one were Caucasian. The Com-munication Preference Questionnaire was employed to evaluate maternal beliefs related to distancing. Social problem solving, peer status, behavioral problems and social behavioral observations Were the four indicators used to tap children's social competence. Social problem solving was measured with a child's test. Peer status and behavioral problems were based on teacher ratings. Social behaviors were measured with 20 one-minute observations of each child. With respect to the relationship between maternal beliefs and children's social competence, two sets of interactive effects were found. One was that of maternal beliefs and children's age on children's social problem solving; another was that of maternal beliefs and mother's education on children's positive behaviors. In the present study, mother's beliefs in distancing were conducive to social problem-solving ability in children of age 5 years or older but not in children under 5 years of age. Concerning the prediction of children's positive behavior, children with mothers who had education less than graduate school seemed to benefit from their mother's belief about distancing, but not the children with mothers of higher educa-tion (master's and above master's degree). In addition, maternal beliefs about distanc-ing in social situations were found to be negatively associated with children's parallel play. The more mothers preferred distancing strategies in social situations, the less parallel play behaviors their children exhibited. Concerning the relationship between the childrearing situation (social vs. cognition) and the mother's beliefs about dis-tancing, the results revealved that mother's endorsement of distancing was less in social than in cognitive situations.
期刊論文
1.McGillicuddy-De Lisi, A. V.(1982)。Parental beliefs about developmental processes。Human Development，25，192-200。  new window
2.Hess, R. D.、Kashiwagi, K.、Azuma, H.、Price, G. G.、Disckson, W. P.(1980)。Maternal expectations for mastery of developmental tasks in Japan and the United States。International Journal of Psychology，15，259-271。  new window
3.Gottman, J. M.、Gomso, J.、Rasmussen, B.(1975)。Social interaction, social Competence, and friendship in children。Child Development，46，709-718。  new window
4.Johnson, J. E.、McGillicuddy-Delisi, A.(1983)。Family environment factors and children's knowledge of rules and conventions。Child Development，54，218-226。  new window
5.Spivak, G.、Shure, M. B.(1980)。Interpersonal problem-solving as a mediator of behavioral adjustment in preschool and kindergarten children。Journal of Developmental Psychology，1，29-44。  new window
6.Zajonc, R. B.、Markus, G. B.(1975)。Birth Order and Intellectual Development。Psychological Review，82，74-88。  new window
7.Hoffman, M. L.(1975)。Altruistic behavior and the parent-child relationship。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，31，937-943。  new window
8.Dodge, K. A.(1983)。Behavioral antecedents of peer social status。Child Development，54，1386-1399。  new window
9.Putallaz, M.(1983)。Predicting children's sociometric status from their behavior。Child Development，54，1417-1426。  new window
10.Coie, J. D.、Dodge, K. A.、Coppotelli, H.(1982)。Dimensions and types of social status: A cross-age perspective。Developmental Psychology，18(4)，557-570。  new window
11.Asher, S. R.、Markell, R. A.、Hymel, S.(1981)。Identifying children at risk in peer relations: A critique of the rate of interaction approach to assessment。Child Development，52，1239-1245。  new window
12.Belmont, L.、Marolla, F. A.(1973)。Birth order, family size, and intelligence。Science，182(4117)，1096-1101。  new window
13.Hess, R. D.、Shipman, V. C.(1965)。Early experience and the socialization of cognitive modes in children。Child Development，34，869-886。  new window
14.Bradley, R. H.、Caldwell, B. W.、Elardo, R.(1979)。Home environment and cognitive development in the first two years: A cross-lagged panel analysis。Developmental Psychology，15，246-250。  new window
15.Brophy, J. E.(1970)。Mothers as teachers of their own preschool children: The influence of socioeconomic status and task structure on teaching specificity。Child Development，41，79-94。  new window
16.Coie, J. D.、Kupersmidt, J. B.(1983)。A behavioral analysis of emerging social status in boy's groups。Child Development，54，1400-1416。  new window
17.Emmerich, W.(1969)。The parental role: A functional-cognitive approach。Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development，34(8)，1-71。  new window
18.Hartup, W. W.(1979)。The social worlds of childhood。American Psychologist，34，944-955。  new window
19.Johnson, J. E.(1980)。Parents' preferred communication style and locus of control of preschool children。Home Economics Research Journal，8，269-273。  new window
20.Jones, D.、Rickie, A. U.、Smith, R. L.(1980)。Maternal child-rearing practices and social problem-solving strategies among preschoolers。Developmental Psychology，6，241-242。  new window
21.Laosa, L. M.(1980)。Measures for the Study of Maternal Teaching Strategies。Applied Psychological Measurement，4(3)，355-366。  new window
22.Newberger, C.、Cook, M.(1983)。Parental awareness and child abuser A cognitive-developmental analysis of urban and rural samples。American Journal of Orthopsychiatry，53，512-524。  new window
23.Rubin, K. H.、Clark, M. L.(1983)。Preschool teachers' ratings of behavioral problems: observational, sociometric, and social-cognitive correlates。Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology，11(2)，273-285。  new window
24.Baumrind, Diana(1971)。Current Patterns of Parental Authority。Developmental Psychology，4(1 Pt. 2)，1-103。  new window
研究報告
1.Sigel, I. E.、McGillicuddy-De Lisi, A. V.、Johnson, J. E.(1980)。Parental distancing, beliefs and children's representational competence within the family context。Princeton, NJ：Educational Testing Service。  new window
學位論文
1.Connolly, J.(1980)。The relationship between social pretend play and social competence in preschoolers: Correlational and experimental studies(博士論文)。Concordia University。  new window
圖書
1.Sigel, I. E.(1982)。The Relationship between Parental Distancing Strategies and the Child's Cognitive Behavior。Families as Learning Environments for Children。New York, NY：Plenum。  new window
2.Kelly, George Armstrong(1963)。A Theory of Personality: The Psychology of Personal Constructs。New York：Norton。  new window
3.Clarke-Stewart, K. A.(1977)。Child care in the family: A review of research and some propositions for policy。New York：Academic。  new window
4.Sears, R. R.、Maccoby, E. E.、Levin, H.(1957)。Patterns of child rearing。Evanston, IL：Row and Peterson。  new window
5.Kelly, George A.(1955)。The Psychology of personal constructs。W. W. Norton。  new window
單篇論文
1.Zahaykevich, M.，Sigel, I. E.，Rock, D. A.(1986)。A model of parental speech acts and child cognitive development，University of Rochester。  new window
圖書論文
1.McGillicuddy-De Lisi, A. V.(1985)。The relationship between parental beliefs and children's cognitive level。Parental belief systems。Hilisdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
2.Sigel, I. E.(1981)。Social experience in the development of representational thought: Distancing theory。New directions in Piagetian theory and practice。New Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
3.Bacon, M. K.、Ashmore, R. D.(1982)。The role of categorization in the socialization process: How parents and older siblings cognitively organize child behavior。Families as learning environments for children。New York：Cambridge University Press。  new window
4.Deutsch, C. P.(1973)。Social class and child development。Review of child development research。Chicago：The University of Chicago Press。  new window
5.Elias, M. J.、Ubriaco, M.(1986)。Linking parental beliefs to children's social competence: Toward a cognitive-behavioral assessment model。Thinking about the family: Views of parents and children。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
6.Hartup, W. W.(1983)。Peer relations。Carmichael's manual of child psychology。New York：John Wiley and Sons。  new window
7.Hess, R. D.(1970)。Social class and ethic influences on socialization。Carmichael's manual of child psychology。New York：Wiley。  new window
8.Johnson, J. E.、Martin, C.(1985)。Parents' beliefs and home learning environments: Effects on cognitive development。Parental Belief Systems: The Psychological Consequences for Children。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
9.Laosa, L. M.(1982)。Families as facilitators of children's intellectual development at 3 years of age: A causal analysis。Families as learning environment for children。New York：Plenum Press。  new window
10.McGillicuddy-De Lisi, A. V.、Sigel, I. E.、Johnson, J. E.(1976)。The family as a system of mutual influences: Parental beliefs, distancing behaviors, and children's representational thinking。The child and its family。  new window
11.Sameroff, A. J.、Feil, L. A.(1985)。Parental concepts of development。Parental belief systems: The psychological consequences for children。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
12.Sigel, I. E.(1970)。The distancing hypothesis: A causal hypothesis for the acquisition of representational thought。Miami symposium on the prediction of behavior, 1968: Effect of early experiences。Coral Gables, FL：University of Miami Press。  new window
13.Sigel, I. E.(1972)。The distancing hypothesis revisited: An elaboration of a neo-Piagetian view of the development of representational thought。Cognitive learning。Bellingham, WA：Western Washington State College Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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