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| 3. | Lanza, M. L.(1985)。How nurses react to patient assault。Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services，23(6)，6-11。 |
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| 9. | Heyman, E.(1987)。Seclusion。Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services，25(11)，9-12。 |
| 10. | McCoy, S. M.、Garriston, S.(1983)。Seclusion the process of intervening。Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services，21(8)，8-15。 |
| 11. | Oldham, J. M.、Russakoff, M.、Prasonfsky, L.(1983)。Seclusion patterns and milieu。Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease，171(11)，645-650。 |
| 12. | Outlaw, F. H.、Lowery, B. J.(1992)。Seclusion: The nursing challenge。Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services，30(4)，13-17。 |
| 13. | Phillips, P.、Nasr, S. J.(1983)。Seclusion and restraint and prediction of violence。American Journal of Psychiatry，140(2)，229-232。 |
| 14. | Pilette, P. C.(1978)。The tyranny of seclusion: A brief essay。Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services，16(10)，19-21。 |
| 15. | Plutchick, R.、Karasu, T. B.、Conte, H. R.(1978)。Toward a rationale for the seclusion process。Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease，166(8)，571-579。 |
| 16. | Richardson. B. K.(1987)。Psychiatric inpatients' perceptions of the seclusion-room experience。Nursing Research，36(4)，234-238。 |
| 17. | Rix, G.(1985)。Compassion is better than conflict。Nursing Times，81，53-55。 |
| 18. | Rosen, H.、DiGiacomo, J.(1978)。The role of physical restraint in the treatment of psychiatric illness。Journal of Clinical Psychology，39(3)，228-232。 |
| 19. | Soliday, S. M.(1985)。A comparison of patient and staff attitudes toward seclusion。Journal of Nervous and Menral Disease，173，282-286。 |
| 20. | Soloff, P. H.、Turner, S. M.(1981)。Patterns of seclusion: A prospective study。Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease，169，37-44。 |
| 21. | Tooke, S. K.、Brown, J. S.(1992)。Perceptions of seclusion: Comparing patient and staff reactions。Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services，30(8)，23-26。 |
| 22. | Whaley, M. S.(1980)。The use of seclusion rooms and physical restraints in the treatment of psychiatric patients。Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services，1，13-16。 |
| 23. | Jones, M. K.(1985)。Patient Violence: Report of 200 Incidents。Journal of Psychosocial Nursing，23(6)，12-17。 |
| 24. | Karson, C.、Bigelow, L. B.(1987)。Violent Behavior in Schizophrenic Inpatients。The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease，175，161-164。 |