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題名:一個應用機率推理之雛型稽核系統
書刊名:交大管理學報
作者:朱博湧 引用關係鄭滄祥
出版日期:1991
卷期:11:1
頁次:頁27-49
主題關鍵詞:機率推理稽核系統
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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如何結合正規的理論分析模式與資訊系統,以協助稽核人有地地進行稽核工作,是本論文之研究重點,我們應用人工智慧領域所發展的機率推理模擬法(probabilistic reasoning with stochastic simulation)的正規數學分析模式,配合稽核上所常使用的分析性覆核程序(analytical review procedure)建立一個雛型核決策支援系統。 本雛型系統嘗試運用機率推理,協助分析科目間的關係,並預測科目發生問題的機率,以協助稽核人員有效地安排稽核的程序。機率推理模擬法乃源自於研究醫生如何診斷疾病的程所發展出的推理數學分析模式。本報係根據事件間的因果關係建立一個信賴網路(belief network),配合事件發生的因果機率與已知的環境資訊,利用貝氏機率模式與模擬法的理論分析概念,預測某事件(如某內部控制失序)的發生傾向。 至於稽核常採用之分析覆核程序則是利用財務及非財務資料,研究資料間的關係,使稽核人員能夠對稽核的主體(object)得到更好的瞭解,並確認資料間的不尋常關係和波動,以利集中稽核的重點。 結合機率推理模擬法與分析性覆核程序的稽核決策支援系統,將有效地協助稽核人員以正規的理論分析模式詳盡地分析稽核主體的控制系統。並利用充分的覆核資訊進行推理預測,計算出各科目可能發生錯誤的機率,使稽核人員對最有可能出錯的科目進行不同程序的稽核分析工作,以降低稽核工作的風險。藉由電腦的快速運算將可迅速得到精確的預測資訊,使稽核人員可以有效地規劃稽核工作,提高稽核效率進而降低稽核成本。
The aim of the research is to integrate normative analytical models with information system technology to facilitate efficient and effective auditing process. A prototype decision support system is developed with analytical review procedures and probabilistic reasoning with stochastic simulation. The prototype first uses analytical review procedures to identify the area of audit risk through the red-flag of abnormal fluctuations of relevant data. Hence, an evaluation of the status of internal control can be obtained. Second, the probabilistic information of causal relationship among events can be collected and used to construct a belief network. Third, basing upon the constructed causal structure of the belief network, we then can apply the Bayesian theorem and simulation techniques to analyzing possible errors and irregularities previously found in the analytical review procedures. Finally, the obtained simulation results enable auditors to focus their auditing efforts on investigating the most suspicious area. The developed probabilistic reasoning system can provide auditors with valuable information to make proper judgment.
期刊論文
1.Allen, Brandt(1977)。The Biggest Computer Frauds: Lessons for CPA。Journal of Accountancy,55-62。  new window
2.Bailey, Andrew D. Jr.、Gerlanch, James R.、MacAfee, Preston、Whinston, Andrew B.(1981)。Internal Accounting Controls in the Office of the future。IEEE Computer,59-70。  new window
3.Bailey, Andrew D. Jr.、Gerlanch, James R.、MacAfee, Preston、Whinston, Andrew B.(1983)。An OIS Model for Internal Accounting Control Evaluation。ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems,1(1),25-44。  new window
4.Bailey, Andrew D. Jr.、Duke, Gordon Leon、Chen-en, Ko、Gerlach, James、Meservy, Rayman D.、Whinston, Andrew B.(1985)。TICOM and the Analysis of Internal Controls。The Accounting Review,186-201。  new window
5.Biggs, Stanley F.、Mock, Theodore J.、Watkins, Paul R.(1988)。Auditor's Use of Analytical Review in Audit Program Design。The Accounting Review,148-161。  new window
6.Bonder, George(1975)。Reliability Modeling of Internal Control Systems。The Accounting Review,747-757。  new window
7.Cash, James I. JR.、Bailey, Andrew D. JR.、Whinston, Andrew B.(1977)。A Survey of Techniques for Auditing EDP-Based Accounting Information Systems。The Accounting Review,813-832。  new window
8.Chan, K. Hung、Dodin, Bajis(1986)。A Decision Support System for Audit Staff Scheduling with Precedence Constraints and Due Dates。The Accounting Review,726-734。  new window
9.Cohen, Jeffrey、Kida, Thomas(1989)。The Impact of Analytical Review Results, Internal Control Reliability, and Experience on Auditors' Use of Analytical Review。Journal of Accounting Research,27(2),263-276。  new window
10.Cushing, Barry E.(1974)。A Mathematical Approach to the Analysis and Design of Internal Control Systems。The Accounting Review,24-41。  new window
11.Ishikawa, Akira(1975)。A Mathematical Approach to the Analysis and Design of Internal Control Systems: A Brief Comment。The Accounting Review,148-150。  new window
12.Joyce, Edward J.、Biddle, Gary C.(1981)。Anchoring and Adjustment in Probabilistic Inference in Auditing。Journal of Accounting Research,19(1),120-145。  new window
13.Kinney, William R. Jr.(1989)。Achieved Audit Risk and Audit Outcome Space。Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory,8,67-83。  new window
14.Kunitake, Walter K.、Luzi, Andrew D.、Glezen, William G.(1985)。Analytical Review for Audit and Review Engagements。The Accountants Digest,1-7。  new window
15.Miller G. A.(1956)。The magical number seven, plusor minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information。Psychological Review,63,81-97。  new window
16.Ng, Kuen-Chi、Abramson, Bruce(1990)。Uncertainty Management in Expert Systems。IEEE EXPERT,29-47。  new window
17.Rushinek, Avi、Rushinek, Sara F.(1984)。Auditing Accounting Systems Around, Through and With the Computer。The Accounts Digest,1-5。  new window
18.Steinbart, Paul J.(1987)。The Construction of a Rule-Based Expert Systems as a Method for Studying Materiality Judgements。The Accounting Review,97-115。  new window
19.Tubbs, Richard M.、Messier, William F. Jr.、Knechel, Robert W.(1990)。Recency Effects in the Auditor's Belief-Revision Process。The Accounting Review,452-460。  new window
20.Weber, Ron(1978)。Auditor Decision Making on Overall System Reliability: Accuracy, Consensus, and the Usefulness of a Simulation Decision Aid。Journal of Accounting Research,16(2),368-387。  new window
21.Weber, Ron(1982)。Audit Trail System Support in Advanced Computer-Based Accounting Systems。The Accounting Review,311-325。  new window
圖書
1.吳文清(1989)。現代審計學。台灣西書出版社。  延伸查詢new window
2.丁文拯(1989)。審計與電腦資料處理。大中國圖書公司。  延伸查詢new window
3.李家祺(1988)。人工智慧與專家系統。松崗出版社。  延伸查詢new window
4.孫家麟(1989)。專家系統之理論與程式設計。松崗出版社。  延伸查詢new window
5.Clowes, Kenneth W.(1988)。EDP Auditing。Richard Kitowski。  new window
6.Gallegos, Frederic、Richardson, Pana R.、Borthick, Faye A.(1987)。Audit and Control of Information Systems。South-Western。  new window
7.Pearl, Judea(1988)。Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systmes: Networks of Plausible Inference。Morgan Kaufmann。  new window
8.Waterman, Donald A.(1986)。A Guide to Expert Systemsy。Addison-Wesley。  new window
9.Watne, Donald A.、Turney, Peter B. B.(1984)。Auditing EDP Systems。Prentice Hall。  new window
10.Weber, Ron(1988)。EDP Auditing--Conceptual Foundations and Practice。McGraw-Hill。  new window
 
 
 
 
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