國貨國運乃普遍施行於各國的航運部門保護措施。本文在國貨國運政策 下，探討開放外籍船員對本國福利及國輪規模的影響。我們發現，在本國海運部 門因岸上工資高於海上工資而於國際海運市場上失去絕對利益的前提下，開放外 籍船員的政策一方面使得本國勞工移向邊際產值較高的貿易部門因而提高福 利，進而誘發進口及運量需求增加而使航運部門擴張。另一方面，貿易部門勞力 的增加欲透過Rybczynski效果引起進出口品產量的改變。若進口產業較為勞力(資 本)密集，則進口品產量將增加(減少)、貿易量減少(增加)、航運需求進一步下降(提 高)，使福利效果進一步提高(下降)。此外，我們還發現提高國貨自運率的政策， 雖可擴大國輪規模，但必然伴隨著福利水準的降低。

　　　　　Cargo reservation is a commonly-adopted policy to protect shippingindustry. We estabilish a general equilibrium model to analyzeeconomic impacts of both cargo reservation and guest crew policies,especially for a small open economy in which the shipping sectoris suffering from crew shortage because of higher wage rate in theother sectors. We find that (i) allowing more quest crew will causelabor to move out of the lower productivity shipping sector to tradesectors. This labor reallocation is welfare improving and, throughincome effect, will raise demand for imports, and hence the shippingsector will expand. However, the labor increase in trade sectors willcause additional change in import demand which by Rybczynskitheorem is ambiguous, depending on the relative factor intensitiesbetween the export sector and import sector. Thus the overallimpacts become ambigous. (ii) Raising the cargo reservation ratiowill expand the shipping sector, however, the economy will be worseoff.