Maps are best tool for recording and representing of spatial data, and constitute the essential part of geo-sciences. Mapping data should be generalized for the need of visibility when map scale decreased, and the processes of abstracting are controlled by map scale, purpose, data content, and graphic constraint. So the appearances of maps of same region are different, thus forms different cognition of environment by map-readers. The processes of environmental development and cognition by human should be geo-referenced, which can be divided into two parts, the first is mathematical positioning, means coordinate-positioning; the other is geographical positioning, means toponymic positioning equivalently. The former is based on the products of surveying, and the latter is popular for human use. Geographical name is the term of geographical reality, and it has possessed many attributes of regional geography, so people can recognize that geographical environment. Thus, geographical name is the key indicator in map reading, and the process of geographical name selection will influence the environmental recognition of the map-readers. This paper has dealt with six kinds of scale of topographic maps, in order to find the correlation and characteristics between map scale and geographical name rank, quantity, and density. The result will he helpful in map-use, numerical mapping and use of geographic information systems.