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題名:精神分裂症的訊息處理策略類別:人類訊息傳遞自動化理論的運用
書刊名:中華心理學刊
作者:許文耀 引用關係
作者(外文):Hsu, Wen-yau
出版日期:1994
卷期:36:2
頁次:頁87-106
主題關鍵詞:精神分裂症訊息處理障礙自動化歷程SchizophreniaDeficiency of information processingAutomatic processing
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     過去有關精神分裂症患者訊息處理障礙的研究結果較無一致性,其原因 有三:1.忽略精神分裂症患者的高異質性問題;2研究結果往往根據一個實驗結 果,就來推論精神分裂症患者的訊息運作障礙發生在那個階段;3.研究者較少注意 到精神分裂症患者的訊息處理策略的問題。本研究一方面兼顧上述三大問題,試 圖探討精神分裂症患者的訊息處理策略,另一方面假設不同類型的精神分裂症患 者因為不同的處理策略,所以呈現不同的症狀。研究一根據Stroop顏色命名作業 的結果將精神分裂症患者分為二組,各組之分組選擇標準如下:如果在實驗1不合 諧情況(IC)的反應時間顯著地長於合諧(CC)及控制(C)兩情況的,且在實驗2的結 果符合下列兩項條件:亦即(1)在不合諧情況的反應時間顯著地長於字義無關 (SI)、假字(PD)、控制及合諧等四種情況的反應時間:(2)在假字情況與在控制情況 與在控制情況的反應時間互相沒有顯著差異,則被分到AP組 (代表其自動化訊息 傳遞歷程是完整的);如果在實驗1的反應時間型態與AP組相同,但是在實驗2的不 合諧、字義無關與假字等三種情況,反應時間分別地都顯著地長於控制情況及合 諧情況,則被分到D組(表示其訊息傳遞歷程易受到無關刺激的干擾);如果在實驗1 不合諧情況與控制情況的反應時間互無顯著差異,同時在實驗2的不合諧情況、 字義無關情況、假字情況與控制情況的反應時間也皆互相無顯著差異,則被分到 AI組(表示其自動化訊息傳遞策略有障礙)。依上述漂準,將參與本研究的125名精 神分裂症患者中的26名分到AP組,28名到AI組,40名到D組,其餘31名無法分組。 以實驗3「單字配對」的語意促發實驗,本研究驗證各組患者使用不同訊息處理 策略的假設。本研究預測AP組應享有盈利效果,但不受虧損效果的障礙;AI組享 受不到盈利效果,而D組應不會發生虧損效果。這三項預測都獲得實驗結果的支 持。
     There have been inconsistent results and interpretations about the research of information processing in schizophrenics. Three factors most likely related to this phenomenon are: (1) ignorance of the heterogeneity of schizophrenia; (2) invalid inference ofinformation-processing disturbance in schizophrenia from single experiment in the previous researches; (3) insufficient researches on the information-processing strategies inschizophrenics. This research, based on the theory of automatic processing, was aimedto detect different categories on information-processing strategies in schizophrenics aswell as to validate such categorization. The methodology on convergent operation andindividual analysis were used. In experiments 1 and 2, three groups of schizophrenics(N = 125) were obtained by differentiation of normal or deficit automatic processing inStroop Color Naming Task. The first group had the normal automatic processing strategy, 26 schizophrenics included. The second had deficit automatic processing strategy,28 schizophrenics included. The third group were distracted by irrelevant stimuliduring information processing, 40 schizophrenics fallen into this group. The other 31schizophrenics could not be classified into any group. In experiment 3, the "single wordmatching task" of semantic priming paradigm was applied to test the validity of thecategorization of the three groups. The result validated the findings of the three different categories in schizophrenics' information-processing strategies.
期刊論文
1.Shiffrin, R. M.、Schneider, W.(1977)。Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending and a general theory。Psychological Review,84(2),127-190。  new window
2.Nuechterlein, K. H.、Dawson, M. E.(1984)。Information Processing and Attentional Functioning in the Developmental Course of Schizophrenic Disorders。Schizophrenia Bulletin,10(2),160-203。  new window
3.Schneider, W.、Shiffrin, R. M.(1977)。Controlled and automatic human information processing: I. Detection, search, and attention。Psychological Review,84(1),1-66。  new window
4.Callway, E.、Naghdi, S.(1982)。An Information Processing Model for Schizophrenia。Archives of General Psychiatry,39,339-347。  new window
5.Frith, C. D.(1979)。Consciousness, Information Processing and Schizophrenia。British Journal of Psychology,134,225-235。  new window
6.Strauss, M. E.(1978)。The Differential and Experimental Paradigms in the Study of Cognition in Schizophrenia。Journal of Psychiatric Research,14,316-320。  new window
7.許文耀(19881000)。精神分裂症患者的認知與訊息處理障礙:兼論研究方法論的問題。中華心理衛生學刊,4(2),27-39。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.Andreasen, N. C.(1982)。Negative symptoms in schizophrenia: Definition and reliability。Archives of General Psychiatry,39(7),784-788。  new window
9.Andreasen, N. C.、Olsen, S. A.(1982)。Negative v. s. posotive schizophrenia: Definition and reliability。Archives of General Psychiatry,39,784-788。  new window
10.Anscombe, R.(1987)。The disorder of consciouseness in schizophre-nea。Schizophrenia Bulletin,13,241-260。  new window
11.Bowers, U. B. Jr.(1980)。Biochemical processes in schizophrenia: An update。Schizophrenia Bulletin,6,393-403。  new window
12.Crow, T. J.(1981)。Positive and negative schizophrenia symptoms and the role of dopamine: Reposte。British Journal of Psychiatry,139,251-254。  new window
13.Dyer, F. N.(1973)。The stroop phenomenon and its use in the study of perceptual, cognitive, and response processes。Memory & Cognition,1,106-120。  new window
14.Gjerde, P. F.(1983)。Attentional capacity dysfunction and arousal in schizophrenia。Psychological Bulletin,93,57-12。  new window
15.Hemsley, D. R.(1975)。A two stage model of attention in schizophrenia research。British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology,14,81-89。  new window
16.Knight, R. G.、Youard, P. L.、Wooles, L. M.(1985)。Visual information processing deficits in chronic shcizophenic subject using tasks matched for discriminating power。Journal of Abnormal Psychology,94,454-459。  new window
17.Lewine, R. J.(1985)。Negative symptoms in schzophrenia: Editor's introduction。Schizophrenia Bulletin,11,361-363。  new window
18.Mcghie, A.、Chapman, J.(1961)。Disorders of attention and percerption in early schizophrenia。British Journal of Medical Psychology,34,103-116。  new window
19.Neale, J. M.(1971)。Perceptual span in schizophrenia。Journal of Abnormal Psychology,77,196-204。  new window
20.Neale, J. M.、Oltmanns, T. F.、Harvey, P. D.(1985)。The need to relate cognitive deficits to specific behavioral referents of schizophrenia。Schizophrenia Bulletin,11,286-291。  new window
21.Oltmanns, T. F.、Neale, J. M.(1975)。Schizophrenic performance when distractors are present: Attentional deficit or differential task difficulty?。Journal of Abnormal Psychology,84,205-209。  new window
22.Sternberg, S.(1969)。The discovery of processing stages: Extension of donders method。Acta Psychologica,30,275-315。  new window
23.Strauss, J. S.、Carpenter, W. T. Jr.、ScBrartko, J. J.(1974)。The diagnosis and understanding of schizophrenia: Part III, Speculations on the process that underline schizophrenic symptoms and signs。Schizophrenia Bulletin,1,61-69。  new window
24.Yates, A. J.(1966)。Psychological deficit。Annual Review of Psychology,17,111-114。  new window
25.Zubin, J.、Spring, B.(1977)。Vulnerability: Anew view of schizophrenia。Journal of Abnormal Psychology,86,103-126。  new window
26.Sternberg, S.(1975)。Memory Scanning: New Findings and Current Controversies。The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,27,1-32。  new window
圖書
1.Carpenter, W. T.、Heinrich, D. W.、Wagman, A. M. J.(1985)。On the heterogeneity of schizophrenia。New York:Guiford press。  new window
2.Magaro, P. A.(1980)。Cognition in schizophrenia and paranoia: The intergration of cognitive process。Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
3.Neale, J. M.、Oltmanns, T. F.(1980)。Schizophrenia。New York:John Wiley & Sons。  new window
4.Neisser, Ulric(1976)。Cognition and Reality: Principles and Implications of Cognitive Psychology。San Francisco:W. H. Freeman。  new window
圖書論文
1.Posner, M. I.、Snyder, C. R. R.(1975)。Attention and cognitive control。Information processing and cognition: The Loyola symposium。Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum。  new window
2.Kietzman, M. L.、Spring, B.、Zubin, J.(1980)。Perception, Cognition, and Attention。Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry。Baltimore:Williams & Wilkins Co.。  new window
3.Hemsley, K. R.(1990)。Information processing and schizophrenia。Schizophrenia: Concepts, vulnerability, and intervention。Berlin:Springer-Verlag。  new window
4.Knight, R. A.(1984)。Converging models of cognitive deficit in schizophrenia。Nebraska symposium on motivation, Vol. 31: Theories of schizophrenia and Psychosis。Lincoln:University of Nebrasks Press。  new window
5.Laberge, D.(1975)。Acquisition of automatic processing in perception and associative learning。Attention and performance。New York:Academic Press。  new window
6.Nuechterlein, K. H.、Zaucha, K. M.(1990)。Similarities between information processing abnormalities of actively symptomatic schizophrenic patients and highrisk children。Schizophrenia: Concepts' vulnerability, and intervention。Berlin:Springer-Verlag。  new window
7.Venables, P. H.(1984)。Cerebral Mechamisms, autonomic responsiveness, and attention in schizophrenia。Nebraska symposium on motivation, Vol. 31: Theories of schizophrenia and psychosis。Lincoln:University of Nebraska Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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