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題名：諮商員使用解釋技術與當事人行為反應之關係研究
書刊名：輔導學報
作者：蕭文 引用關係／周玉真 引用關係
出版日期：1995
卷期：18
頁次：頁127-162
主題關鍵詞：諮商歷程；諮商技術；諮商員口語反應模式；解釋技術；當事人行為反應；Counseling process；Counseling skills；Interpretation skills；Client behavior
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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  • 共同引用共同引用:10
  • 點閱點閱:14
本研究旨在瞭解諮商員與當事人之口語互動情形，茲以諮商員經常使用的解釋技術做為分析的口語行為，探討解釋技術的各不同向度與當事人行為反應之間的關係如何。本研究是以七位彰化師大輔導系碩士班二年級研究生之14份諮商過程逐字稿為行為樣本來源，以Hill 等人的「諮商員口語反應類別系統」、「當事人行為系統」，以及有關解釋技術之內容、態度、深度等各不同向度之定義做為資料分析的依據。除了不同解釋向度的分析，亦就其與前後反應模式的組型關係來瞭解諮商員使用解釋技術之時機效果。研究發現如下： 1.解釋技術皆為七位碩二諮商員所使用，不因其理論取向不同而有差異。由解釋技術在諮商中的時序來看，並末一致發現其在晤談過程或階段的中後期才被使用。 2.絕對性解釋多於嘗試性解釋，且二者在時序上，並無先使用嘗試性後使用絕對性的情形。當事人對此不同語氣所做解釋的回答，亦多以「認知行為探索」和「同意」來反應，沒有太大的差異。在深度向度上則是表面和中度佔絕大部份，且二者出現比例相當。在解釋內容上，多屬「自我覺察」類別。 3.當事人對自己的問題產生頓悟，乃與解釋深度為表面及中度，以及解釋的內容為自我覺察有較直接的關係。 4.解釋經常與「反映」、「開放式問句」、「封閉式問句」、「直接指導」等反應模式組合出現，其中尤其反映為最。而反映與解釋的連結使用，當事人的反應多為「同意」、「認知行為探索」與「頓悟」。 5.解釋與問句的組合使用，有邀請當事人針對特定訊息多做澄清或探索之意，但若為封閉式問句，易形成談話過程中斷。 6.除了與其他反應模式會有特定組型出現之外，諮商員亦會以連續使用解釋技術的方式，試圖幫助當事人對自己的狀況有更多的覺察，亦有加深與促進當事人自我暸解的功能。 針對上述結果，本研究據以提出諮商員教育訓練之建議。
The purpose of this study was to understand the relationships between counselors' interpretation and clients' behavior during the counseling process. A convenience sample of 7 graduated training students, 14 counselingtranseripts from Graduate School of Guidance, NCUE. Data were analyzed basedon "Hill Counselor Verbal Response Category System", "Client Behavior System" and attitude, depth, content, patterned with another response modes of interpretation. Results were as follows: 1. all of the counselor were favor of using interpretation skills. 2. the amount of absolute interpretation were more than tentative interpretation; however, there were no difference in the time serials between each other. 3. clients' insight were directed relating with the degree of interpretation depth and with the content of interpretation. 4. interpretation were paired with the skills of reflection, open question, closed question and direct guidance during counseling period, however, among each other, the reflection was appeared the most with interpretation. 5. the counselor would use interpretation skills consecutively in the purpose of helping client to have more self-awareness. Further implications and suggestions for counselor training were recommended.
期刊論文
1.Claiborn, C. D.(1982)。Interpretation and change in counseling。Journal of Counseling Psycholoy，29，439-453。  new window
2.Cliaborn, C. D.、Ward, S. R.、Strong, S. R.(1981)。Effects of congruence between counselor interpretations and client beliefs。Journal of Counseling Psycholoy，28(2)，101-109。  new window
3.Crits-Christoph, P.、Cooper, A.、Luborsky, L.(1988)。The accuracy of Therapists' interpretation and the outcome of dynamic psychotherapy。Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psycholoy，56(4)，490-495。  new window
4.Dowd, E. T.、Trutt, S. D.、Watkins, C. E. Jr.(1992)。Interpretation style and reactance in counselor's social influence。Psychological Reports，70，247-254。  new window
5.Elliott, R.(1985)。Helpful and nonhelpful events in brief counseling interview: An empirical taxonomy。Journal of Counseling Psychology，32(3)，307-322。  new window
6.Fuller, F.、Hill, C. E.(1985)。Counselor and helpee perceptions of counselor intentions in relation to outcome in a single counselor session。Journal of Counseling Psycholoy，32(3)，329-338。  new window
7.Harway, N. I.、Dittmann, A. T.、Raush, H. L.、Bordin, E. S.、Rigler, D.(1955)。The measurement of depth of interpretation。Journal of Consulting Psychology，19(4)，247-253。  new window
8.Hill, C. E.(1992)。Research on therapist techniques in brief individual therapy: Implication for practitioners。The Counseling Psychologist，20(4)，689-711。  new window
9.Hill, C. E.、Charles, D.、Reed, K. G.(1981)。A longitudinal analysis of changes in counseling skills during doctoral training in counseling Dsvcholody。Journal of Counseling Psychology，28(5)，428-436。  new window
10.Hill, C. E.、Corbett, M. M.、Lightsey, R.、Gomez, M.(1992)。Client behavior in counseling and therapy sessions: Development of a pantheoretical measure。Journal of Counseling Psychology，39(4)，539-549。  new window
11.Hill, C. E.、Helms, J. E.、Spiegel, S. B.、Tichenor, V.(1988)。Development of a system for categoriaing client reactions to yherapist interventions。Journal of Counseling Psychology，35(1)，27-36。  new window
12.Jones, A.、Gelso, C.(1988)。Differential effects of style of interpre tation: Another look。Journal of Counseling Psychology，35(4)，363-369。  new window
13.Milne, C. R.、Dowd, E. T.(1983)。Effect of interpretation style on counsel or social influence。Journal of Counseling Psychology，30(4)，603-606。  new window
14.O'Farrell, M. K.、Hill, C. E.、Patton, S. M.(1986)。A comparison of two cases of counseling with the same counselor。Journal of Counseling & Development，65，141-145。  new window
15.Olson, D. H.、Claiborn, C. D.(1990)。Interpretation and arousal in the counseling process。Journal of Counseling Psychology，37(2)，131-137。  new window
16.Raush, H. L.、Sperber, Z.、Rigler, D.、Williams, J.、Harway, N. I.、Bordin, E. S.、Dittmann. A. T.、Hays, W. L.(1956)。A dimensional analysis of depth of interpretation。Journal of Consulting Psychology，20(1)，43-48。  new window
17.Schaffer, N. D.(1982)。Multidimensional measures of therapist behavior as predictors of outcome。Psychological Bulletin，92(3)，670-681。  new window
18.Speisman, J. C.(1959)。Depth of interpretation and verbal resistance in psychotherapy。Journal of Consulting Psychology，23(2)，93-99。  new window
19.Sperber, Z.(1960)。Context as a source of information in rating depth of interpretation。The Journal of General Psychology，63，133-143。  new window
20.Spiegel, S. B.、Hill, C. E.(1989)。Guidelines for research on therapist interpretation: Toward greater methodological rigor and relevance to practice。Journal of Counseling Psychology，36(1)，121-129。  new window
21.Yesenosky, J. M.、Dows, E. T.(1990)。The social psychology of counseling and psychotherapy: A base for integration。British Journal of Guidance and Counselling，18(2)，170-185。  new window
22.Russell, R. L.、Trull, T. J.(1986)。Sequential analysis of language variables in psychotherapy process research。Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology，54(1)，16-21。  new window
23.Hill, C. E.、Helms, J. E.、Tichenor, V.、Spiegel, S. B.、O'Grady, K. E.、Perry, E. S.(1988)。Effects of therapist response modes in brief psychotherapy。Journal of Counseling Psychology，35(3)，222-233。  new window
24.Hill, C. E.(1978)。Development of a counselor verbal response category system。Journal of Counseling Psychology，25(5)，461-468。  new window
25.Hill, C. E.、Thames, T. B.、Rardin, D. K.(1979)。Comparison of Rogers, Peris, and Ellis on the Hill counselor verbal response category system。Journal of Counseling Psychology，26(3)，198-203。  new window
26.Stiles, W. B.(1979)。Verbal response modes and psychotherapeutic technique。Psychiatry，42，49-62。  new window
27.Elliott, R.、Barker, C. B.、Caskey, N.、Pistrang, N.(1982)。Differential helpfulness of counselor verbal response modes。Journal of Counseling Psychology，29(4)，354-361。  new window
28.Heppner, P. P.、Rosenberg, J.、Hedgespeth, J.(1992)。Three methods in measuring The therapeutic process: Clients and counselors constructions of the therapeutic process versus actual therapeutic events。Journal of Counseling Psychology，39(1)，20-31。  new window
29.Hill, C. E.(1992)。An overview of four measures developed to test the Hill Process Model: Therapist intentions, therapist response modes, client reactions, and client behaviors。Journal of Counseling and Development，70(6)，728-739。  new window
30.蕭文(1989)。諮商歷程與諮商績效之研究。學生輔導通訊，12，10-13。  延伸查詢new window
31.楊幹雄、許文耀、柯莉梅(19931100)。短期心理治療過程評估。中華心理衛生學刊，6(1)，67-87。new window  延伸查詢new window
32.Hill, C. E.、O'Grady, K. E.(1985)。List of therapist intentions illustrated in a case study and with therapists of varying theoretical orientations。Journal of Counseling Psychology，32(1)，3-22。  new window
33.Elliott, R.、Hill, C. E.、Stiles, W. B.、Friedlander, M. L.、Mahrer, A. R.、Margison, F. R.(1987)。Primary therapist response modes: Comparison of six rating systems。Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology，55(2)，218-223。  new window
34.吳英璋(1991)。諮商過程中的過程分析。學生輔導通訊，15，9-15。  延伸查詢new window
35.Claiborn, C. D.、Dowd, E. T.(1985)。Attributional interpretations in counseling: content versus discrepancy。Journal of Counseling Psychology，32(2)，188-196。  new window
圖書
1.李執中(1990)。人本心理治療進階。台北：大洋出版社。  延伸查詢new window
2.Rogers, C.(1951)。Client-centered therapy。Boston：Houghton Miffin。  new window
單篇論文
1.Shaffer, W. F.，Penwarden, J. R.(1981)。Tests of an algorithm for interpretations(ED201671)。  new window
圖書論文
1.Hill, C. E.(1992)。Almost everything you ever wanted to know about how to do process research on counseling and psychotherapy but didn't know who to ask。Research in counseling。  new window
 
 
 
 
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