本研究旨在瞭解不同地區平地、山地學校和學童體格及基本運動能力的發展和比較研究。對象為臺中縣、南投縣內四所平地學校和八所山地學校共十二所;其中平地學校每所年級再隨機抽取一班，而山地學校則全校學童為施測對象，共男童866名，女童814名。測量項目為體格一身高、體重，基本運動能力－50公尺跑、仰臥起坐、立定三次跳、壘球擲遠、綜合以上四項的T分數和長跑。測驗資料經統計分析及平均數差異顯著性之考驗結果，顯示: 一、不同地區的學童體格發展都一致，逐年增加;但最大成長幅，則山地學校男學童比平地學校男童晚一年出現。基本運動能力除仰臥起坐、立定三次跳和長跑外，都隨年一、而進步;長跑最大成長幅在十、十一歲間，其餘大多在八、九歲間。 二、平地、山地學童的體格發展都一致，逐年增加;但最大成長幅，則山地學童比平地學童晚一至兩年。基本運動能力男、女各有四項同時出現最大成長幅。 三、同地區學童體格並無差異，而基本運動能力。則山地學校學童較優。 四、地學童在青春期前，體格和立定三次跳優於山地學童;但其餘有異的項目，都是山地學童較優。 建議:： 一、 依各基本運動能力發展，適時提供身體活動的機會;低年級加強速度，中年級肌力、肌耐力和協調性，高年級心肺耐力。 二、 平地學校更應使體育課教學正常化，以提昇學童的基本運動能力。 儲備選年可依項目性質，參考最大成長幅的程度來挑選，應可達事半功倍的效果。

　　　　　 The purpose of this Study was to investigate development and differences on physique and basic motor ability between different areas and between general and aboriginal children in elementary schools. The subjects included 866 male and 814 female of four general elementary schools and eight aboriginal elementary schools in Taichung and Nantou County. This study surveyed their physique (including height and weight) and basic motor ability (including 50 meters, sit-ups, three stand board jump, baseball throw and logrun). The results were as follows: (a)For physique development, no significant differences were found between children in different areas. The percentage in physique development and age were in positive correlation. (b)There were no significant differences in physique development between general and aboriginal children. The percentage in physique development and age were in positive correlation. (c) There were no significant differences in physique between children in different areas. However the basic motor abilities of aboriginal children were better than those of general children. (d) Before adolescence, performances of general children were better than those of aboriginal children in physique and three stand board jump. However, performances of aboriginal children were better than those of general children in the others.