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題名:美國誹謗法規: 法制、判例及修法提案
書刊名:新聞學研究
作者:羅文輝
出版日期:1995
卷期:51
頁次:頁187-206
主題關鍵詞:美國誹謗法規
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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     誹謗是美國新聞界面臨的最嚴重法律問題,本文介紹美國的誹謗法規,並追溯美國最高法院歷年有關誹謗的重要判例,指出最高法院法官的態度及各種判決標準的轉變。最後,本文嘗試分析美國現行誹謗法規的缺失,及近年各界提出的修法提案。 多年來,誹謗(libel)一直是美國新聞界面臨的最嚴重法律問題,每年全美各級聯邦法院及地方法院審理或宣判的誹謗案件,常數以千計,而庭外和解的誹謗案件,更是難計其數(Gillmor, 1992)。 雖然90%以上的誹謗官司,都由被控告的新聞機構獲得勝訴,但昂貴的訴訟費用,及涉嫌誹謗所造成的精神困擾,使新聞界遭受莫大的威脅,因此誹謗被認為是美國新聞自由的頭號敵人(Soloski & Bezanson, 1992)。
     Libel is the most serious legal threat to American Journalists. This article examines American libel law and important libel cases. It also explains the problems with current libel law and discusses the problems faced by attempts to reform the libel law.
期刊論文
1.Hansen, Elizabeth S.、Moore, Roy L.(1990)。Chilling the Messenger: Impact of Libel on Community Newspaper。Newspaper Research Journal,11(2),86-89。  new window
2.Stevens, George E.(1991)。Criminal Libel After Garrison。Journalism Quarterly,68(3),522-527。  new window
3.Youm, Kyu Ho(1993)。The 'Wire Service' Libel Defense。Journalism Quarterly,70(3),682-691。  new window
圖書
1.Bezanson, D.、Cranberg, G.、Soloski, J.(1987)。Libel Law and the Press: Myth and Reality。New York:Free Press。  new window
2.Dill, Barbara(1986)。The Journalist's Handbook on Libel and Privacy。New York:Free Press。  new window
3.Lois, Forer(1987)。A Chilling Effect。New York:W. W. Norton & Company。  new window
4.Gillmor, Donald M.(1992)。Power, Publicity and the Abuse of Libel Law。New York:Oxford。  new window
5.Middleton, Kent R.、Chamberlin, Bill F.(1988)。The Law of Public Communication。New York:Longman。  new window
6.Overbeck, Wayne(1992)。Major Principles of Media Law。New York:Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers。  new window
7.Pember, D. R.(1987)。Mass Media Law。Dubuque, Iowa:Wm. C. Brown Publishers。  new window
8.Soloski, John、Bezanson, Randall P.(1992)。Reforming Libel Law。New York:Guilford。  new window
9.Spencer, Dale R.(1980)。Law for the Reporter。Columbia, MO:Lucas Brothers Publishers。  new window
10.Zelezny, John D.(1993)。Communications Law。Belmont, CA:Wadsworth。  new window
圖書論文
1.Anderson, David A.(1992)。Is Libel Law Worth Reforming?。Reforming Libel Law。New York:Guilford。  new window
2.Barrett, David A.(1992)。Declaratory Judgments for Libel: A Better Alternative。Reforming Libel Law。New York:Guilford。  new window
3.Franklin, Marc A.(1992)。A Declaratory Judgment Alternative to Current Libel Law。Reforming Libel Law。New York:Guilford。  new window
4.Leval, P.(1992)。The No-Money, No-Fault Libel Suit: Keeping Sullivan in Its Proper Place。Reforming Libel Law。New York:Guilford。  new window
5.Smolla, Rodney A.(1992)。The Annenberg Libel Reform Proposal。Reforming Libel Law。New York:Guilford。  new window
6.Soloski, John(1992)。Legislative Efforts to Reform Libel Law。Reforming Libel Law。New York:Guilford。  new window
 
 
 
 
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