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| 3. | Ordover, Janusz A.、Salop, Steven C.、Saloner, Garth(1990)。Equilibrium Vertical Foreclosure。The American Economic Review，80(1)，127-142。 |
| 4. | Chang, M. H.(1992)。Exclusive Dealing Contracts in a Successive Duopoly with Side Payments。Southern Economic Journal，59(2)，180-193。 |
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| 6. | Arrow, K. J.(1975)。Vertical integration and Communication。Bell Journal of Economics，6，173-183。 |
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| 8. | McGee, John S.、Bassett, Lowell R.(1976)。Vertical Integration Revisited。Journal of Law and Economics，19(1)，17-38。 |
| 9. | Perry, M. K.(1978)。Price Discrimination and forward Integration。Bell Journal of Economics，9，209-217。 |
| 10. | Salop, Steven C.、Schffman, Devid T.(1983)。Rising Rivals' Costs。American Economic Review，73，267-271。 |
| 11. | Crandall(1968)。Vertical Integration and The Mark for Repair Parts in U.S. Automobile Industry。Journal of Industrial Economics，16，213-236。 |
| 12. | Perry, M.(1978)。Vertical Integration: The Monopsony Case。American Economic Review，68，561-570。 |
| 13. | Riordan, Michael H.、Williamson, Oliver E.(1985)。Asset specificity and economic organization。International Journal of Industrial Organization，3(4)，365-378。 |
| 14. | Williamson, Oliver E.(1971)。The Vertical Integration of Production: Market Failure Considerations。The American Economic Review，61(2)，112-123。 |
| 15. | Klein, Benjamin、Crawford, Robert G.、Alchian, Armen A.(1978)。Vertical Integration, Appropriable Rents, and the Competitive Contracting Process。The Journal of Law and Economics，21(2)，297-326。 |