Anatomic variations of congenital heart disease affect pulmonary blood flow, which can be increased by means of abnormal intracardiac shunting. Artifical correction by operation has significant importance for those children. The nurse of pediatric critical units manage children following cardiac surgery. Pulmonary care is as important as hemodynamic stability, because pulmonary and cardiac function are interdependent in children with congenital heart disease. Thorough understanding of postoperative physical assessment and immediate intensive care is imperative of nurses caring for these challenging children. This articale also introduces nursing assessment, intervention and diagnosis, hoping to promote the quality of clinical pediatric crtical care.