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題名：地圖簡化目的與內涵之探討
書刊名：地圖
作者：聞祝達
出版日期：1995
卷期：6
頁次：頁43-55
主題關鍵詞：地圖簡化；摘要；主觀性；客觀性；Cartographic generalization；Abstracting；Subjectivity；Objectivity
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:1
  • 共同引用共同引用:13
  • 點閱點閱:22
地表空間的地物與現象，是經過不同時程的空間營歷所造成，因而可表現出不同規模、範圍之形態特徵。而地圖是記錄、研究與分析空間地物、現象之最佳工具，故將不同尺度地圖加以合併運用，則爲前項研究極重要之參考依據。地圖之製作爲製圖者先對空間環境產生認知影像，再經由資料摘取與繪製之過程，所完成之成果；因此若說地圖是人類對空間認知之結果，而地圖簡化則爲其認知之過程。但由於空間認知是屬於人類心智之行爲，故受個人主觀因素影響，此外地圖又爲科學與藝術結合之產品，因而「主觀」、「客觀」思維之矛盾，始終存在於製圖過程中；特別是在「製圖自動化」迫切需求下，將使此問題益發突顯。因此本文旨在探討地圖簡化之目的及其本質內涵意義，以期對地圖之本質與功能有更深一層之瞭解，此對製圖自動化及地理資訊系統未來發展，將有所助益。
Spatial features and phenomena are generated by different geomorphologic processes, thus presenting various types and scope of landscape. These features can be recording, researching and analyzing by different tools, and map is among the best. Also, the composite use of maps of different scale, is excellent for former research. Maps are made of operations of cartographer, it is the process that beginning from the generation of mental image of environmental cognition by cartographer, then followed by feature's selection and drafting to mimic the reality. Therefore, if we thought map as the outcome of spatial cognition, then cartographic generalization will be the process of its performance. Besides, spatial cognition is also a part of intellectual behavior of human being, thus it will be influenced by the factor of subjective. Furthermore, science and art are essential part of basic nature of map, so the contradictory view of map production between objectivity and subjectivity is always unavoidable. This will be prominent by the roughly introducing of automatic mapping systems. The aim of this paper is to examine the objective and essence of cartographic generalization, so as to assist understanding of its nature completely. Consequently, the development of automatic mapping and geographic information systems may benefit from this illustration.
期刊論文
1.Thorndyke, P. W.、Hayes-Roth, B.(1982)。Differences in spatial knowledge acquired from maps and navigation。Cognitive Psychology，14，560-589。  new window
2.McMaster, R. B.(1986)。A Statistical Analysis of Mathematical Measures for Linear Simplification。The American Cartographer，13(2)，103-116。  new window
3.Rhind, D.(1993)。Maps, information and geography: a new relationship?。Geography，78(2)，150-159。  new window
4.Morrison, J. L. L.(1974)。A Theoretical Framework for Cartographic Generalization with Emphasis on the Process of Symbolization。International Yearbook of Cartography，14，115-127。  new window
5.俞連笙(1990)。地圖科學與美學的融合--關於地圖的美學思考。測繪學報，19(4)，307-313。  延伸查詢new window
6.游雄(1992)。視覺感知對製圖綜合的作用。測繪學報，21(3)，224-232。  延伸查詢new window
7.聞祝達、石慶得(19900500)。地圖資料簡化之探討。地圖，1，27-41。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.Ali, M. J.、Dowman, I. J.(1988)。Map revision from stereo-orthophotographs。Photogrammetric Record，12(72)，847-856。  new window
9.Blakemore, M.(1990)。Progress in Human Geography。Cartography，14(1)，101-111。  new window
10.Brassel, K. E.、Weibel, R.(1988)。A review and conceptual framework of automated map generalization。International Journal of GIS，2(3)，229-244。  new window
11.Buttendield, B. P.(1993)。Mapping Data Quality。Cartographica，30(1)，vii-viii+1-7。  new window
12.Dixon, O. M.(1967)。The selection of towns and other features on atlas maps of Nigeria。Cartographic Journal，4(1)，16-23。  new window
13.Jenks, G. F.(1981)。Lines, computers, and human frailties。Annals of the Association of American Geographers，71(1)，1-10。  new window
14.Johnson, H. B.(1961)。Geographer in the realm of Wissenschaft。Southeastern Geographer，1，9-20。  new window
15.Kilpelaninen, T.(1992)。Multiple representations and knowledge-based generalization of topographical data。International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing，29(Pt. B3)，954-964。  new window
16.Knopfli, R.(1982)。Generalization- a means to transmit reliable messages through unreliable channels。International Yearbook of Cartography，22，83-91。  new window
17.Lam, N. S-N.、Quattrochi, D. A.(1992)。On the issues of scale, resolution, and fractal analysis in the mapping sciences。Professional Geographer，4(1)，88-98。  new window
18.MacEachren, A. M.(1992)。Application of environmental learning theory to spatial knowledge acquisition from maps。Annals of the Association of American Geographers，82(2)，245-274。  new window
19.Marino, J. S.(1979)。Identification of characteristic points along naturally occurring lines- an empirical study。Canadian Cartographer，16(1)，70-80。  new window
20.Miller, O. M.、Voskuil, R. J.(1964)。Thematic-map generalication。Geographical Review，54(1)，13-19。  new window
21.Rees, R.(1980)。Historical links between cartography and art。Geographical Review，70(1)，60-78。  new window
22.Steward, H. J.(1974)。Cartographic generalization: some concepts and explanation。Cartographica Monograph，10，77。  new window
23.Ratajski, L.(1967)。Phenomenes des points de generalisation。International Yearbook of Cartography，7，143-152。  new window
24.Thapa, K.(1988)。A review of critical points detection and line generalization algorithms。Surveying and Mapping，48(3)，185-205。  new window
25.Tikunov, V. S.(1993)。Issues in Russian cartographic modeling。New Zealand Cartography and GIS，23(1)，14-22。  new window
26.Visvalingam, M.、Whyatt, J. D.(1990)。The Douglas-Peucker algorithm for line simplification:re-evaluation through visualization。Computer Graphics Forum，9，213-228。  new window
27.Visvalingam, M.、Whyatt, J. D.(1991)。Cartographic algorithms: problems of implementation and evaluation and the impact of digitising errors。Computer Graphics Forum，10(3)，225-235。  new window
會議論文
1.McMaster, R. B.(1983)。A mathematical evaluation of simplification algorithms。AUTO-CARTO 6，267-276。  new window
2.聞祝達、石慶得(1987)。地圖可靠度之探討。第六屆測量學術及應用研討會，387-395。  延伸查詢new window
3.Joao, E.、Herbert, G.、Openshaw, S.、Rhind, D.(1992)。Magnitude and significance of generalization and its effects。3rd EGIS。Munich。711-721。  new window
4.McMaste, R. B.、Mark, D. M.(1991)。The design of a graphical user interface for knowledge acquisition in cartographic generalization。GIS/LIS 1991。Atlanta, Georgia：ASPRS：ACSM：AAG：URISA。311-320。  new window
研究報告
1.Buttenfield, B. P.、Delotto, J. S.(1989)。Multiple Representations: Scientific Report for the Specialist Meeting。State Univ. of New York：NY。  new window
2.Dobson, M.、McAvoy, J. M.(1989)。Position statement。NY：State Univ. of New York。  new window
3.Mark, D. M.(1989)。Multiple views of multiple representations。NY：State Univ. of New York。  new window
4.Thapa, K.(1987)。Detection of Critical Points: The First Step To Automatic Line Generalization。  new window
學位論文
1.Tyner, J. A.(1974)。Persuasive Cartography: An Examination of the Map as a Subjective Tool of Communication(博士論文)。Univ. of California，Ann Arbor, Michigan。  new window
圖書
1.A. M. 別爾良特、李建新、侯存治(1991)。地圖--地理學的第二語言。中國地圖出版社。  延伸查詢new window
2.Monmonier, M. S.(1991)。How to Lie with Maps。Chicago：The University of Chicago Press。  new window
圖書論文
1.Board, C.(1967)。Maps as models。Models in Geography。London：Methuen & Co. Ltd.。  new window
2.Haggett, P.、Chorley, R. J.(1967)。Models, paradigms and the new geography。Models in Geography。London：Methuen & Co, Ltd.。  new window
3.McMaster, R. B.(1991)。Conceptual frameworks for geographical knowledge。Map Generalization: Making Rules for Knowledge Representation。England：Longman Scientific & Technical。  new window
 
 
 
 
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