Structuring Shapes and Deriving Designs__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	Structuring Shapes and Deriving Designs
書刊名：	建築學報
作者：	劉育東／Mitchell,William j.
出版日期：	1995
卷期：	14
頁次：	頁49-61
主題關鍵詞：	Design derivation；Shape recognition；Shape grammar；設計推演；形體辨認；形的文法
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:2 共同引用:0 點閱:15

　　　　　在不同的脈絡關係下，形體(shape)能以不同的方式辨認與解析。在本研究中，我們設計了一套心理學帢驗，要求四位受測者以他們所看到的形體為基礎，作出一些變化(variants)。每一位受測者所得的變化圖形可進一步分解(parse)，分為標準幾何元素的低層次例證(lower-level instances)，例如方形、三角形、圖形、和它們的空間關係。而且這些變化圖形是以「形的文法」(shape grammar)的形式表示的。當執行這些「形的文法」時，則形成了許多豐富的「同族形體」(kin shapes)。接著再把這四套「形的文法」綜合，得到－「聯合文法」(unified grammar)。雖然所有的規則是由二位具有經驗與二位不具經驗的設計者的實證資料(empirical data)，但絕大部份在建築中的基本原理皆涵蓋於其中－平衡、和諧、比例、重複、張力、主從關係等等。最後，Palladio的Rotonda別墅與I.M. Pei的JFK圖書館的中心概念圖樣(pari)，也能被此「聯合文法」產生。

以文找文

　　　　　A shape can be recognized and interpreted in different ways under different contexts. In this study, a psychological experiment is designed to ask four subjects to make variants based on what they see in a given shape. Each set of various schemes generated by each subject can be further parsed, that is decomposed into lower-level instances of standard geometries, such as squares, triangles, circles, associated with their spatial relationships. When shape grammars are executed, they generate a number of diverse "kin shapes" generalized form the corpuses of subjects' resulting schemes. These four shape grammars and further combined that yields a unified grammar. Although the rules used here were derived form the empirical data of tow experienced and two non-experienced designers, most fundamental principles in architecture can be found among these selected schemes-balance, harmony, proportion, repetition, tension, part-whole relationships, and so forth. Finally, the partis of Palladio's Villa Rotonda and Pei's JEK library can also be synthesized form the unified grammar.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Koning, H.、Eizenberg, J.(1981)。The language of the prairie: Frank Lloyd Wright's prairie houses。Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design，8(3)，295-323。
2.	Liu, Y. T.(1991)。Schematic-designer: a knowledge-based CAD system for schematic design in architecture。Design Studies，12(3)，151-167。
3.	Flemming, U.(1987)。More than the sum of the parts: the grammar of Queen Anne houses。Environment and planning B，14，323-350。
4.	Flemming, U.(1986)。On the representation and generation of loosely packed arrangements of rectangles。Environment and planning B，13，189-205。
5.	Cagan, J.、Mitchell, W. J.(1993)。Optimally directed shape generation by shape annealing。Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design，20，5-12。
6.	Liu, Y. T.(1995)。Symbolic CAAD versus Connectionist CAAD。Languages of design，2(4)，325-346。
7.	Liu, Y. T.(1995)。A Neuronlike Model for Encoding Multiple Shapes and Overcoming the Binding Problem。Neural Network World，5(3)，341-352。
8.	Stiny, G.(1992)。Weights。Environment and planning B: Planning and Design，19，413-430。
9.	Stiny, G.、Mitchell, W. J.(1980)。The grammar of paradise: on the generation of Mughal gardens。Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design，7，209-226。
10.	Stiny, G.、Mitchell, W. J.(1978)。The Palladian grammars。Environment and planning B: Planning and Design，5，5-18。
11.	Liu, Y. T.(1995)。Some phenomena of seeing shapes in design。Design Studies，16(3)，367-385。

會議論文
1.	Gero, J. S.、Yan, M.(1993)。Discovering emergent shapes using a data-driven symbolic model。Amsterdam：Elsevier。3-17。
2.	Liu, Y. T.(1994)。Encoding explicit and implicit emergent subshapes based on empirical findings about human vision。Dordrecht：Kluwer。401-418。
3.	Liu, Y. T.(1994)。What experienced designers see that computers should: Symbolic versus connectionist computations of shapes。The IFIP international conference。Valenciennes：Hermès。819-838。
4.	Liu, Y. T.(1993)。A connectionist approach to shape recognition and transformation。Amsterdam：Elsevier。19-36。
5.	Liu, Y. T.(1995)。Shapes and Subshapes Recognition in Computeraided Design Systems using Connectionist AI Techniques。The Second International Conference on Design to Manufacture in Modern Industry。Slovenia：University of Maribor。554-565。
6.	Liu, Y. T.(1995)。Design Knowledge Representation for Knowledge-based Design Automation of Buildings。Current Approaches in Building international symposium。Istanbul：Mimar Sinan University。69-77。
7.	Liu, Y. T.(1995)。Problem Decomposition on Restructuring Shapes in Terms of Emergent Subshapes。
8.	Stiny, G.(1993)。Emergence and Continuity in shape grammars。Amsterdam：Elsevier。37-54。
9.	Tan, M.(1990)。Closing in on an open problem-reasons and a strategy to encode emergent subshapes。Big Sky, Montana：School of Architecture, Montana State University。5-19。

圖書
1.	Mitchell, W. J.(1990)。The Logic of Architecture。Cambridge, Massachusetts：The MIT Press。

單篇論文
1.	Mitchell, W. J.(1992)。Form, function, and syntax，Cambridge, England：University of Cambridge。

圖書論文
1.	Liu, Y. T.(1993)。Recognizing emergent subshapes in design problem solving: A connectionist investigation。Education and practice: The critical interface。ACADIA。
2.	Mitchell, W. J.(1990)。A new agenda for computer-aided design。The electronic design studio。Cambridge, MA：MIT Press。
3.	Mitchell, W. J.(1990)。The design studio of the future。The electronic design studio。Cambridge, MA：MIT Press。
4.	Mitchell, W. J.(1992)。The uses of inconsistency in design。Principles of computer-aided design: evaluating and predicting design performance。New York：John Wiley。
5.	Stiny, G.(1990)。What designer do that computers should。The electronic design studio。Cambridge, MA：MIT Press。
6.	Mitchell, W. J.(1992)。A computational view of design creativity。Modelling creativity and knowledge-based creative design。Hillsdale, NJ：Erlbaum。

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