皮膚砷癌之流行病學特徵與危險因子__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

:::

詳目顯示

第 1 筆 / 總合 1 筆

/1頁

來源文獻資料
摘要
外文摘要
引文資料

題名：	皮膚砷癌之流行病學特徵與危險因子
書刊名：	中華公共衛生雜誌
作者：	薛玉梅／陳建仁
作者(外文)：	Hsueh, Yu-mei／Chen, Chien-jen
出版日期：	1996
卷期：	15:1
頁次：	頁1-26
主題關鍵詞：	皮膚砷癌；流行病學；危險因子；Arsenic-induced skin cancer；Epidemiology；Risk factor
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:0 點閱:42

　　　　　本文係綜論皮膚砷癌的流行病學特徵與危險因子。砷引起的皮膚癌屬於非黑色素瘤皮膚癌。一般的非黑色素瘤皮膚癌常見於白種人，男性比女性有較高的發生率。它好發於臉、頭及頸部，軀幹及上肢是次常發部位；而且隨日曬程度增加。紫外線輻射、化學物質、游離輻射線、免疫因素、宿主因素為其主要之危險因子。砷是一種類金屬，往往經由礦脈、銅精煉廠、工業和農業用途，造成環境的污染。引起健康危害的砷主要是無機砷，它會引起胃腸道障礙、心臟血管疾病、神經病變、肝腎障礙、皮膚病變和癌症。砷已被公認為人類之皮膚和肺的致癌物。砷引起皮膚的主要暴露途徑為藥物，環境和職業暴露。皮膚砷癌的發生部位大多為非日曬部位，即手掌、腳蹠、肢端和軀幹，且屬全身多發生的表皮癌化病變。臺灣西南沿海烏腳病盛行地區的皮膚癌盛行率及死亡率，與深井水含砷濃度呈劑量效應關係。吾人研究發現烏腳病高盛行地區的皮膚盛行率，與慢性砷暴露指標，包括烏腳病盛行地區居住年數、飲用深井水年數、飲用水平均砷濃度、和累積砷暴露等，均呈現顯著的劑量效應關係。皮膚砷癌盛行率也與從事鹽田工作、B 型肝炎帶原且肝功能不良、食用蕃薯簽年數偏高有顯著相關。人體內的無機砷代謝能力，尿液砷物種分佈，血清微量營養素濃度，以及免疫能力與皮膚癌的相關性，尚待進一步証實。皮慮病變可作為無機砷長期暴露的生物指標，過去在烏腳病盛行地區的研究指出，皮膚癌和內臟癌的標準死亡比與累積死亡率，都比臺灣地區一般人口顯著偏高。砷引起皮膚癌的機轉，以及皮膚癌與內臟癌之間的關係，均是值得探討的主題。

以文找文

　　　　　Research on the epidemiologic characteristics and risk factors of arsenic-induced skin cancer were reviewed in detail. Arsenic-induced skin cancers are nonmelanoma skin cancers. Nonmelanoma skin cancers are much more common in white than in black or other dark- skinned populations. The incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer is greater in males than in females. It occurs mostly on the face, head and neck, while the trunk and upper extremities are the next most common sites. The risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer is asscciated with the sunlight exposure in a dose-response relationship. Ultraviolet radiation, chemicals, ionizing radiation, immunologic and other host factors are risk factors for nonmelanoma skin cancer. Arsenic is a metalloid element, contaminating the environment through leaching from mineral ores, copper smelting, and other industrial and agricultural sources. Inorganic arsenic is much more toxic than organic arsenic compounds. It induces gastrointestinal disturbance, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, liver and kidney damage, skin lesions and cancers. Inorganic arsenic has been documented as a human carcinogen of the skin and lung. Exposure to inorganic arsenic from medicinal, environmental and occupational sources has been found to be associated with the development of skin cancer. In contrast with nonmelanoma cancers of other etiologies, arsenic-induced skin cancers occur on every part of the body, especailly marked in areas unexposed to sunlight, such as the palms, soles, extremities and trunk. They are multifocal and randomly distributed epidermal carcinoma lesions. A dose-response relationship between the prevalence and mortality of skin cancer and the arsenic concentration of artesian well water has been well documented in a black- foot disease endemic area on the southwest coast of Taiwan. A significant dose-response relation has recently been reported between skin cancer prevalence and chronic arsenic exposure, indexed by duration of living in the endemic area, duration of consuming high-ar- senic contaminated artesian well water, average arsenic in artesian well water and cumulative arsenic exposure. Salt field working, chronic HBsAg carrier status with liver dysfunction, and high consumption of dried sweet potatoes have been found to be significantly associated with an increased prevalence of arsenic-induced skin cancer in those living in the blackfoot disease endemic area. Arsenic metabolism capacity, distribution of urinary arsenic species, serum level of micronutrients and immunologic profiles need to be explored for their associations with arsenic-induced skin cancer. Skin cancer has been considered as a biological marker for chronic inorganic arsenic exposure. Both standardized mortality ratio and cumulative mortality of skin cancer and various internal cancers have been reported to be significanlty higher among residents in the blackfoot disease endemic area than in the general population in Taiwan. The mechanism of arsenic-induced skin cancer as well as the association between skin cancer and internal cancrs deserve further investigation.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Tseng, W. P.(1977)。Effects and dose-response relationships of skin cancer and black foot disease with arsenic。Environ Health Perspect，19，109-119。
2.	Wu, M. M.、Kuo, T. L.、Hwang, Y. H.、Chen, C. J.(1989)。Dose-response relation between arsenic concentration in well water and mortality from cancers and vascular diseases。Am J Epidemiol，130(6)，1123-1132。
3.	Chen, Chung-Jen、Chen, Chao W.、Wu, M.-M.、Kuo, T. L.(1992)。Cancer Potential in Liver, Lung, Bladder and Kidney Due to Ingested Inorganic Arsenic in Drinking Water。British Journal of Cancer，66(5)，888-892。
4.	Chen, C. J.、Wu, M. M.、Lee, S. S.、Wang, J. D.、Cheng, S. H.、Wu, H. Y.(1988)。Atherogenicity and carcinogenicity of high-arsenic artesian well water: multiple risk factors and related malignant neoplasms of blackfoot disease。Arteriosclerosis，8(5)，452-460。
5.	Chen, C. J.、Kuo, T. L.、WU, M. M.(1988)。Arsenic and cancers。Lancet，1，141-145。
6.	Uroach, F.(1971)。Geographic Distribution of Skin Cancer。Journal of surgical oncology，3，219-234。
7.	Silverberg, E.、Squires, T. S.、Boring, C. C.(1990)。Cancer Statistics。CA: a cancer journal for clinicians，40(1)，9-26。
8.	Glass, A. G.、Hoover, R. N.(1989)。The emerging epidemic of melanoma and squamous cell skin cancer。Journal of the American Medical Association，262，2097-2100。
9.	Roberts, D. L.(1990)。Incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer in West Glamorgan, South Wales。The British journal of dermatology，122，399-403。
10.	Green, Adele、Battistutta, Diana(1990)。Incidence and determinants of skin cancer in a high-risk Australian Population。Int J Cancer，46，356-361。
11.	Stoll, H. L.、Schwartz, R. A.(1992)。Squamous cell carcinoma。Dermatology in general medicine，746-758。
12.	Sterlind, A.、Hou-Jensen, K. O.、Muller, Jensen(1988)。Incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma in Denmark 1978-1982. Anatomic site distribution, histologic types, and comparison with non-melanoma skin cancer。British journal of cancer，58，385-391。
13.	(1991)。National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement: Sunlight, ultraviolet radiation and the skin。J Am Acad Dermatol，24(4)，608-612。
14.	Stern, R. S.、Weinstock, M. C.、Baker, S. G.(1986)。Risk reduction for nonmelanoma skin cancer with childhood sunscreen use。Archives of dermatology，122，537-545。
15.	Kripke, M. L.(1974)。Antigenicity of murine skin turners induced by UV。light J Natl Cancer Inst，53，1333-1336。
16.	Stern, R. S.、Thfbodean, L. A.、Koeinerman, R. A.(1979)。Risk of cutaneous carcinoma in patients treated with oral methoxsalen photochemotherapy for psoriasis。The New England journal of medicine，300，809-813。
17.	Kripke, M. L.(1988)。Immunoregulation of Carcinogenesis: Past, Present, and Future。J Natl Cancer Inst，80，722-727。
18.	Lee, M. M.、Wick, M. W.(1990)。Bowen's Disease。CA (a ancer J for clinic)，40，237-242。
19.	Neubauer, O.(1947)。Arsenical cancer: a review。Br J Cancer，1，192-251。
20.	Andreae, M. O.(1978)。Distribution and speciation of arsenic in natural waters and some marine algal。Deep Sea Res，25，391-402。
21.	Welch, K.、Higgins, I.、Oh, M.、Burchfiel, C.(1982)。Arsenic exposure, smoking, and respiratory cancer in copper workers。Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal，37，325-335。
22.	Yeh, S.、How, S. W.、Lin, C. S.(1968)。Arsenic cancer of skin。Cancer，21，312-39。
23.	Yeh, S.(1973)。Skin cancer in chronic arsenicism。Human Pathol，4，469-485。
24.	Cebrián, M. E.、Albores, k.、Aguilar, M.、Blakely, E.(1983)。Chronic arsenic poisoning in the north of Mexico。Human Toxicol，2(1)，121-133。
25.	Blackwell, R. Q.、Yang, T. H.、Ai, I.(1961)。Preliminary report on arsenic levels in water and food from the endemic blackfoot area。J Formosan Med Assoc，60，1139-1140。
26.	Yeh, S.(1963)。Studies on endemic chronic arsenical poisoning in southwest coast of Taiwan。Reports, Institute of pathology, National Taiwan University，14，1-23。
27.	Brownstein, M.、Rabinowitz, A. D.(1979)。The precursors of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma。Int J Dermatol，18，1-16。
28.	Feinglass, E. J.(1973)。Arsenic intoxication from well water in the United States。N Engl J Med，288，828-830。
29.	Nelson, W. C.、Lykins, M. H.、Mackey, J.、Newill, V. A.、Finklea, J. F.、Hammer, D. L.(1973)。Mortality among orchard workers exposed to lead arsenate spray: a cohort study。J Chron Dis，26，105-118。
30.	Marafante, E.、Rade, J.、Sabbioni, E.(1981)。Intracellular interaction and metabolic fate of arsenite in the rabbit。Clin Toxicol，18(11)，1335-1341。
31.	Vahter, M.、Norin, H. L.(1980)。Metabolism of 74 As-labelled trivalent and pentavalent inorganic arsenic in mice。Environ Res，21，446-457。
32.	Buchet, J. P.、Lauwerys, R.、Roels, H.(1981)。Urinary excretion of inorganic arsenic and Its metabolites after repeated ingestion of sodium metaarscnite by volunteers。Int Arch Occup Environ Health，48，111-118。
33.	Pinto, S. S.、McGill, C. M.(1953)。Arsenic trioxide exposure in industry。Ind Med Surg，22，281-287。
34.	Holland, R. H.、Wilson, R. H.、Acevedo, A. R.、McCall, M. S.、Clark, D. A.、Lanz, H. C.(1959)。The cigarette smoke-arsenic-cancer of the lung problem。Acta Unio Int Contra Cancrum，15，608-611。
35.	Grab, L. G.、Hine, C. H.(1977)。Arsenical neuropathy: residual effects following acute industrial exposure。J Occup Med，19(8)，567-568。
36.	Charbonneau, S. M.、Spencer, K.、Bryce, F.、Sandi, E.(1978)。Arsenic excretion by monkeys dosed with arsenic containing fish or with inorganic arsenic。Bull Environ Contam Toxicol，20，470-407。
37.	Bertolero, F.、Marafante, E.、Edel, Rade J.、Pietro, R.、Sabbioni, E.(1981)。Biotransfo-rmation and intracellular binding of arsenic in tissues of rabbits after intraperitoneal administration of As-74 labelled arsenite。Toxicology，20，35-44。
38.	Mitchell, R. A.、Chang, B. F.、Huang, C. H.、Demaster, E. G.(1971)。Inhibition of mitochondrial energy--linked functions by arsenate. Evidence for a nonhydrolytic mode of inhibitor action。Biochemistry，10(11)，2049-2054。
39.	Lindgren, A.、Vahter, M.、Dencker, L.(1982)。Autoradiographic studies on the distribution of arsenic in mice and hamsters administered 74 As-arsenite or 74 As-arsenate。Acta Pharmacol Toxicol，51，253-265。
40.	McBride, B. G.、Merilees, H.、Cullen, W. R.、Pickett, W.(1978)。Organometals and Organometalloids。Acs Symposium Series 82, American Chemical Society，94-115。
41.	Tam, K. H.、Charbonneau, S. M.、Bryce, F.、Lacroix, G.(1978)。Separation of arsenic metabolites in dog plasma and urine following intravenous Injection of 74 As。Anal Biochem，86，505-511。
42.	Charbonneau, S. M.、Hollins, J. G.、Tam, G. K.、Bryce, F.、Ridgeway, J. M.、Willes, R. F.(1980)。Whole body retention, excretion, and metabolism of 75 As-arsenic acid in the hamster。Toxicol Lett，5，175-182。
43.	Inamasu, T.(1983)。Arsenic metabolites in rsenic metabolites in urine and feces of hamsters pretreated with PCB。Toxicol Appl Pharmacol，71，142-152。
44.	Crecelius, E. A.(1977)。Changes in the chemical speciation of arsenic following ingestion by man。Environ Health Perspect，19，147-150。
45.	Smith, T. J.、Crecelius, E. A.、Reading, J. C.(1977)。Airborne arsenic exposure and excretion of methylated arsenic compounds。Environ Health Perspect，19，89-93。
46.	Yamauchi, H. F.、Yamamura, Y.(1979)。Dynamic change of urinary arsenic and methyla-rsenic compounds in human urine after oral intake as arsenic trioxide。Ind Health，17，79-83。
47.	Mealey, J. R.、Brownell, G. L.、Sweet, W. H.(1959)。Radioarsenic in plasma, urine, normal tissue, and intracranial neoplasm。Arch Neurol Psychiatr，81，310-320。
48.	Pommy, C.、Charbonneau, S. M.、McCullough, R. S.、Tam, G. K.(1980)。Human retention studies with 74As。Toxicol Appl Pharmacol，53(3)，550-556。
49.	Vallee, B. L.、Ulmer, D. D.、Wacker, W. E.(1960)。Arsenic toxicology and biochemistry。Arch Ind Health，21，132-151。
50.	Hindmarsh, J. J.、McCurdy, R. F.(1986)。Clinical and environmental aspects of arsenic toxicity。CRC Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci，23，315-347。
51.	Armstrong, C. W.、Stroube, R. B.、Rubio, T.(1984)。Outbreak of fatal arsenic poisoning caused by contaminated drinking water。Arch Environm Health，39，276-279。
52.	Hamamoto, E.(1955)。Infant arsenic poisoning by powdered milk。Jap Med J，1649，2-12。
53.	Zaldivar, R.(1974)。Arsenic contaminated of drinking water and foodstuffs causing endemic chronic poisoning。Beitr Path，151，384-400。
54.	Mizuta, N.、Mizuta, M.(1956)。An outbreak of acute arsenic poisoning caused by arsenic-contaminated soy sauce (shoye)。Buft Yamaguchi Med Sch，4，131-50。
55.	Rosenberg, H. G.(1974)。Systemic arterial disease and chronic arsenicism in infants。Arch Pathol，97，360-365。
56.	Salcedo, J. C.、Portales, A.、Landecho, E.、Diaz, R.(1984)。Transverse study of a group of patients with vasculopathy from chronic arsenic poisoning in Communities of the Francisco de Madero and San Pedro Districts, Coahuila Mexico。Revista de la Facultad de Medicna de Torreon，12，12-16。
57.	Beckett, W. S.、Moore, J. L.、Keogh, J. P.、Bleecker, M. L.(1986)。Acute encephalopathy due to occupational exposure to arsenic。Br J Ind Med，43，66- 67。
58.	Danan, M.、Dally, S.、Conso, F.(1984)。Arsenic-induced encephalopathy (letter to the editor)。Neurology，34，1524。
59.	Franklin, M.、Bean, W.、Harden, R. C.(1950)。Fowler's solution as an etiologic agent in cirrhosis。Am J Med Sci，219，589-596。
60.	Huang, Y. Z.、Qian, X. C.、Wang, G. Q.(1985)。Chronic arsenism fn Xinjiang。Chinese Med J，98，219-222。
61.	Granstein, R. D.、Sober, A. J.(1981)。Drug and heavy metal induced hyperpigmentation。J Am Acad Dermatol，5，1-18。
62.	Sommers, S. C.、McMarnus, R. G.(1953)。Multiple arsenical cancers of skin and internal organs。Cancer，6，347-359。
63.	Borgono, J. M.、Vincent, P.、Venturino, H.、Infante, A.(1977)。Arsenic in the drinking water of the city of Antofagasta epidemiological and clinical study before and after installation of a treatment plant。Eviron Health Perspect，19，103-105。
64.	Biagint, R. E.、Quiroga, G. C.、Elias, V.(1974)。Chronic hydroarsenism in ururau。Archivos Agentinos de Dematologia，24(1)，8-11。
65.	Yoshikawa, T.、Utsumi, J.、Okada, T.、Moriuchi, M.、Ozawa, K.、Kaneko, Y.(1960)。Concerning the mass outbreak of chronic arsenic toxicosis in Niigata Prefecture。Chiryo，42，1739-1749。
66.	Fierz, U.(1965)。Catamnestic research into the side effects of inorganic arsenotherapy in skin disease。Dermatologica，131，41-58。
67.	Watrous, R. M.、McCaughey, M. B.(1945)。Occupational exposure to arsenic: In the manufacture of arsphenamine and related compounds。Ind Med，14，639-646。
68.	Hamada, T.、Horiguchi, S.(1976)。Occupational chronic arsenical poisoning. On the cutaneous manifestations。Jpn J Ind Health，117，160-164。
69.	Perry, K.、Bowler, R. G.、Buckell, H. M.、Druett, H. A.、Schilling, R. S.(1948)。Studies in the incidence of cancer in a factory handling inorganic compounds of arsenic II: Clinical and environmental investigation。Br J Ind Med，5，6-15。
70.	Huchison, J.(1988)。On some examples of arsenic-kera-tosis of the skin and of arsenic-cancer。Pathol Soc Lond 1888，39，352-363。
71.	Hill, A. B.、Fanning, E. l.(1948)。Studies on the incidence of cancer in a factory handling in organic compounds of arsenic. I. Mortality experience in the factory。Br J Ind Med，5，1-6。
72.	Luchtrath, H.(1960)。The consequences of chronic arsenic poisoning among moselle wine growers: pathonatomica丨 investigations of post-morten examinations performed between 1960 and 1977。J Cancer Res Clin Oncol，105，173-182。
73.	Roth, F.(1958)。The sequelae of chronic arsenic Poisoning in Moselle Vintner。DIR Med Mon，2，172-175。
74.	Ott, M. G.、Holder, B. B.、Gordon, H. I.(1974)。Respiratory cancer and occupational exposure to arsenicals。Arch Environ Helth，29，250-255。
75.	Mabuchi, K.、Lilienfeld, A.、Snell, L.(1979)。Lung caner among pesticide workers exposed to inorganic arsenicals。Arch Environ Health，34，312-320。
76.	Lee, A. M.、Fraumeni, J. F. Jr.(1969)。Arsenic and respiratory cancer in man: An occupational study。J Natl Cancer Inst，42，1045-1052。
77.	Milham, S. Jr.、Strong, T.(1974)。Huan arsenic exposure in relation to a copper smelter。Environ Res，7，176-182。
78.	Tokudome, S.、Kuratsume, M.(1976)。A cohort study on mortality from cancer and other causes among workers at a metal refinery。Int J Cancer，17(3)，310-317。
79.	Brown, C. C.、Chu, K. C.(1983)。Implication of the multistage the ory of cacinogenesis applied to occupational arsenic exposure。J Natl Cancer Inst，70，455-463。
80.	Enterline, P. E.、Henderson, V. L.、Marsh, G. M.(1987)。Exposure to arsenic and respiratory cancer。Am J Epidemiol，125(6)，929-938。
81.	Lubin, J. H.、Pottern, L. M.、Blot, W. J.、Tokudome, S.、Stone, B. J.、Fraumeni, J. R. Jr.(1981)。Respriratory cancer among copper smelter workers: recent mortality statistics。J Occup Med，23，779-784。
82.	Lee, F. A.(1986)。Cumulative exposure to arsenic and its relationship to respiratory cancer among copper smelter employees。J Occup Med，28(4)，296-302。
83.	Pinto, S. S.、Enterline, P. E.、Henderson, V.、Varner, M. O.(1977)。Mortality experience in relation to a measured arsenic trioxide exposure。Environ Health perspect，19，127-130。
84.	Enterlin, P. E.、Marsh, G. M.(1982)。Mortality among workers exposed to arsenic and other substances in a copper smelter。Am J Epidemiol，116，895-910。
85.	Goldman, A. L.(1973)。Lung cancer in Bowen's disease。Am Rev Resp Dis，108，1205-1207。
86.	Kasper, M. L.、Schoenfield, L.、Strom, R. L.、Theologides, A.(1984)。Hepatic angiosarcoma and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma induced by Fowler's solution。J Am Med Assoc，252，3407-3408。
87.	Jacobson, K. D.、Montaibano, D.(1985)。The reproductive effects assessment group's report on the mutagenicity of inorganic arsenic。Environ Mutagen，7，787-804。
88.	Lee, T. C.、Tanaka, N.、Lamb, P. W.、Gilmer, T. M.、Barrett, J. C.(1988)。Induction of gene amplification by arsenic。Science，241(4861)，79-81。
89.	Deng, J. S.、How, S. W.(1977)。Comparison of the fine struo ture of basal cell carcinmas in ordinary paitents and patients with chronic arsenicalism。J Formosan Med Assoc，76，685-692。
90.	Currie, A. N.(1947)。The role of arsenic in carcinogenesis。Br Med Bull，2，402-405。
91.	Hill, G. C.(1964)。Arsenic induced carcinoma of the skin and lung。Pennsylvania Med J，67，35-38。
92.	Wang, B. J.、Lee, Y. Y.、Mak, C. P.、Kao, H. F.、Hsu, M. L.、Hsien, J. R.(1991)。Quantitative and morphological changes of Isngerhans cell in Bowen's disease from patient with chronic arsenicism。J Formosan Med Assoc，90(11)，1093-1098。
93.	Yu, H. S.、Chen, G. S.、Sheu, H. M.、Kao, J. S.、Chang, K. L.、Yu, C. L.(1992)。Alteration of skin-associated lymphoid tissue in the carcinogenesis of arsenical skin can- car。Proc Natl Sci Counc, ROC, Part B: Life Sciences，16(1)，17-22。
94.	Sheu, H. M.、Kao, J. S.、Yu, H. S.(1991)。Skin neoplasms solitary and multiple expression of keratin 16 in Bowen's disease。J Formosan Med Asso，90(12)，1252。
95.	Chang, W. C.、Chen, S. H.、Wu, H. L.、Shi, G. Y.、Murota, S. I.、Morita, I.(1991)。Cytoprotective effect of reduced glutathione in arsenic induced endothelial cell injury。Toxicology，69，101-110。
96.	Gonsebatt, M. E.、Vega, L.、Herrera, L. A.、Montero, R.、Rojas, E.、Cebrian, M. E.、Ostroskg, W. P.(1992)。Inorganic arsenic effects on human lymphocyte stimulation and proliferation。Mut Res，283，91-95。
97.	Li, J. H.、Rossman, T. G.(1989)。Inhibition of DNA ligase activity by arsenite: a possible mechanism of its mutagenesis。Mol Toxicol，2，1-9。
98.	Nordenson, I.、Solmonsson, S.、Brun, E.、Beckman, G.(1979)。Chromosome aberrations in psoriatic patients treated with arsenic。Hum Genet，48，1-6。
99.	Rodl, S.、Fuchs, G.、Khoshsorur, G.、Iberer, F.、Tsche- liessnigg, K. H.(1990)。Lipoprotein-induced modulation of cyclosprotein-a-mediated immunosuppression。Eur J Clin Invest，20，248-252。
100.	Penn, I.(1988)。Tumors of the immunocompromised patient。Annu Rev Med，39，63-73。
101.	Yu, H. S.、Chang, K. L.、Wang, C. M.、Yu, C. L.(1992)。Alternations of mitogenic response of Dermatoll Dear cell by arsenic in arsenical skin cancer。J Dermotol，19(11)，710-714。
102.	Geyer, L.(1898)。Uber die chronischen Hautrerande rungen beim Arsenicsmus und Betrachtungen Uber die Masemer Krankun-gen in Reichenstein in Selesien。Arch Dermatol，43，221-283。
103.	Bergoglio, R. M.(1964)。Mortality from cancer in regions of arsenical waters of the province of Cordoba。Pren Med Argent，51，994-998。
104.	Chavez, A.、Perez, H. C.、Tovar, E.、Garmilla, M.(1964)。Studies in a community with chronic endemic arsenic poisoning。Salud Publica Mex，6，435-442。
105.	Huang, Y. Z.、Qian, X. C.、Xiao, B. Y.、Wang, G. Q.、Ren, D. D.、Feng, Z. Y.、Wu, J. Y.、Xu, R. F.、Zhang, F. E.(1985)。Endemic chronic arsenicism in Xinjiang。Chin Med J Peking，98(3)，219-222。
106.	Zalidvar, R.(1977)。Ecological Investigations on Arsenic Dietary Intake and Endemic Chronic Poisoning in Man: Dose-Response Curve。Zentralbl Bakteriol Parasitenkd Infektionskr Hyg Abt 1: Orig Reihe B，164(5/6)，481-484。
107.	Biagini, R. E.(1974)。Present considerations on endemic chronic reginoal hydroarsenism。La Semana Medica，145，716-723。
108.	Wagner, S. L.、Maliner, J.、Morton, W. E.、Braman, R. S.(1979)。Skin cancer and arsenic intoxication from well water。Arch Dermatol，115，1205-1207。
109.	Chen, K. S.、Huang, C. C.、Chiliaw, C. C.、Chen, T. J.(1988)。Multiple primary cancers in blackfoot endemic area: Report of a case。J Formosan Med Assoc，87，1125-1128。
110.	Brown, K. G.、Boyle, K. E.、Chen, C. W.、Gibb, H. J.(1989)。A does-response analysis of skin cancer from inorganic arsenic in drinking water。Risk Analysis，9(4)，519-528。
111.	Morton, W.、Starr, G.、Pohl, D.、Stoner, J.、Wagner, S.、Weswig, P.(1976)。Skin cancer and water arsenic in Lane County, Oregon。Cancer，37，2523-2532。
112.	Wong, O.、Whorton, M. D.、Foliart, D. E.、Lowengart, R.(1992)。An ecologic study of skin cancer and environmental arsenic exposure。Int Arch Occup Environ Health，64，235-241。
113.	Phillip, R.、Hughes, A. O.、Robertson, M. C.、Mitchell, T. F.(1983)。Malignant melanoma incidence and assoccition with arsenic。Bristol Med Chir J，98(368)，165-169。
114.	Morris, J. M.、Schmid, M.、Newman, S.、Scheuer, P. J.、Sherlock, S.(1974)。Arsenic and noncirrhotic portal hypertension。Gastroenterology，64，86-94。
115.	Jackson, R.、Gainge, J. W.(1975)。Arsenic and cancer。Can Med Assoc J，113(5)，396-401。
116.	Roat, J. W.、Wald, A.、Mendelow, H.、Pataki, K. l.(1982)。Hepatic angiosarcoma associated with short-term arsenic ingestion。Am J Med，73，933-936。
117.	Knoth, W.(1966)。Arsenbehandlung。Arch Klin Exp Derm，227，228-234。
118.	Cuzik, J.、Evans, S.、Gillman, M.、Price, E. D.(1982)。Medicinal arsenic and internal malignancies。Br J Cancer，45，904-911。
119.	Liebegott, L.(1952)。Relationships between chronic arsenical poisoning and malignant neoplasms。Zbl Arbeitsmed，2，15-16。
120.	Roth, F.(1957)。Concerning the delayed effects of the chronic arsenic of the moselle wine growers。Dtsch Med Wochenschr，82，211-217。
121.	Braun, W.(1958)。Carcinoma of the skin and the internal organs caused by arsenic: delayed occupational lesions due to arsenic。German Med Monthly，3，321-324。
122.	Luchtrath, H.(1972)。Liver cirrhosis due to chronic arsenic intoxication in vintners。Dtsch Med Wochenschr，97，21-22。
123.	Tsuda, T.、Nagira, T.、Yamamoto, M.、Kume, Y.(1990)。An Epidemiological Study on cancer in certified arsenic poisoning patients in Toroku。Ind Health，28，53-62。
124.	Chen, S. Y.、Yu, H. S.、Cheng, G. S.、Kuo, T. L.、Chen, C. J.(1993)。Early arsenic exposure and cancer a community based case-control study in an endemic area of blackfoot disease。Chinese J Natl Public Health，12(1)，1-9。
125.	Hsueh, Y. M.、Cheng, G. S.、Wu, M. M.、Yu, H. S.、Kuo, T. L.、Chen, C. J.(1995)。Multiple risk factors associated with arsenic-induced skin cancer: effects of chronic liver disease and malnutritional status。Br J Cancer，71，109-114。
126.	Jelinek, C. F.、Corneliusen, R. E.(1977)。Levels of arsenic in the United States food supply。Environ Health Perspect，19，83-89。
127.	Blackwell, R. Q.(1961)。Estimated total arsenic ingested by residents in the endemic black foot area。J Formosan Med Assoc，60，1143。
128.	Marafante, E.、Vahter, M.(1984)。The effect of methyltransferase inhibition on the metabolism of [74As] arsenite in mics and rabbits。Chem Biol Interact，50，49-57。
129.	Buchet, J. P.、Lau, W. R.(1985)。Study of inorganic arsenic methylation by rat liver in vitro: Relevance for the interpretation of observation in man。Arch Toxicol，57，125-129。
130.	Marafante, E.(1986)。The effect of dietary and chemically induced methylation deficiency on the metabolism of arsenate in the rabbit。Acta Pharmacol Toxicol，59(Suppl 7)，35-38。
131.	Vahter, M.、Marafante, E.(1987)。Effect of low dietary intake of methionine, choline or proteins on the biotransformation of arsenite in the rabbit。Toxicol Lett，37，41-46。
132.	Yang, T. H.、Blackwell, R. Q.(1961)。Nutritional and environmental conditions in the endemic blackfoot area。Formosan Sci，15，101-129。
133.	Peto, R.、Doll, R.、Buckley, J. D.(1981)。Can dietary beta carotene materially reduce human cancer rates?。Nature，290，201-208。
134.	Shekella, R. B.、Lepper, M.、Liu, S.(1981)。Dietary vitamin A and risk of cancer in the western electric study。Lancet，2，1186-1190。
135.	Willet, W. C.、Polk, B. F.、Morris, J. S.(1983)。Prediag nostic serum selenium and risk of cancer。Lancet，2，130-134。
136.	Shamberger, R. J.、Tytko, S. A.、Willis, C. E.(1976)。Antioxidants and cancer: VI Selenium and age-adjusted of human cancer mortality。Arch Environ Health，31，231-235。
137.	Hu, G. G.(1989)。Investigation of protective effect of selenium on genetic materials among workers exposed to arsenic23(5)，286-288。
138.	陳拱北、吳新英、吳登中(19621000)。Epidemiologic Studies on Blackfoot Disease in Taiwan。國立臺灣大學醫學院研究報告，8(1/2)，115-129。延伸查詢
139.	Tseng, W. P.、Chu, H. M.、How, S. W.、Fong, J. M.、Lin, C. S.、Yeh, S.(1968)。Prevalence of skin cancer in an endemic area of chronic arsenicism in Taiwan。J Natl Cancer Inst，40，453-463。
140.	Chen, C. J.、Chuang, Y. C.、Lin, T. M.、Wu, H. Y.(1985)。Malignant Neoplasms among Residents of a Blackfoot Disease-Endemic Area in Taiwan: High-Arsenic Artesian Well Water and Cancers。Cancer Research，45(11)，5895-5899。
141.	陳建仁、王琪珍(1990)。Ecological Correlation between Arsenic Level in Well Water and Age-Adjusted Mortality from Malignant Neoplasms。Cancer Research，50，5470-5474。

會議論文
1.	Borgono, J. M.、Greiber, R.。Epidemiological study of arsenic in the city of Antofagasta。Trace Substances in Environmental Health V, proceedings of the 5th Annual Conference，Hemphill, D. C. ed. 。University of Missouri, Columbia。13-24。

研究報告
1.	Sanchez, de la Fuente E.。Chronic arsenicals in the rural area of the lake district, 1962-1964.。

圖書
1.	Muir, C. S.、Waterhouse, J.、Mack, T.、Powell, J.、Whelan, S. L.(1987)。Cancer Incidence in Five Continents。Lyon：IARC。
2.	Scotto, J.、Fears, T. R.、Fraumeni, J. F. Jr.(1983)。Incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer in the United States。Bethesda, MD：NIH。
3.	Sullivan, R. J.(1969)。Preliminary air pollution survey of arsenic and its compounds: a literature review。Raleigh, NC：US Department of Health, Education and welfare：National Air Pollution Control Administration。
4.	Jacobosn, K. D.、Mushak, P.、Riscator, M.(1984)。Health Assessment Document for Inorganic Arsenic。Washington, DC：Environmental Protection Agency。
5.	Webb, J. L.(1966)。Enzyme and Metabolic Inhibitors。New York：Academic Press。
6.	Environmental Protection Agency、Risk assessment forum。Special report on ingested inorganic arsenic: Skin cancer, Nutritional essentiality。Washington DC：Environmental Protection Agency。
7.	World Health Organization(1981)。Environmental Health Criteria 18: Arsenic。Geneva：World Health Organization。
8.	Higgins, I.、Welch, K.、Burchfiel, C.(1982)。Mortality of Anaconda smelter workers in relation to arsenic and other exposures。Ann Arbor, Ml：Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan。

單篇論文
1.	EPA(1984)。Health Effects Assessment for Arsenic(EPA/540/1-86/020)。，Washington, DC：Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response。
2.	EPA，Risk Assessment Forum(1987)。Special Report on Ingested Inorganic Arsenic: Skin cancer; Nutritional Essentiality(EPA/625/3-S7/013)。

其他
1.	International Agency for Research on Cancer(1987)。IARC graphs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Human，Lyon, France：World Health Organization。

圖書論文
1.	Scotto, J. P.、Fraumeni, J. F. Jr.(1982)。Skin (other than melanoma)。Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention。Philadelphia, PA：Saunders。
2.	Carter, D. M.(1992)。Basal cell carcinoma。Den Dermatology in General Medicine。New York, NY：McGraw-Hill。
3.	Yuspa, S. H.(1987)。Carcinogenesis: chemical。Dermatology in General Medicine。New York：McGraw-Hill。
4.	Scotto, J.、Fears, T. R.、Fraumeni, J. F. Jr.(1982)。Solar radiation。Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention。Philadelphia, PA：Saunders。
5.	Pathak, M. A.、Fitzpatrick, T. B.、Greiter, F.(1987)。Preventive treatment of sunburn, dermatoheliosis, and skin cancer with sun-proctective agents。Dermatology in General Medicine。New York, NY：McGraw-Hill。
6.	Schwartz, R. A.、Stoll, H. L.(1987)。Epithelial recancerous lesions。Dermatology in General Medicine。New Yourk：NY, McGraw-Hill。
7.	Sanderson, K. V.(1976)。Arsenic and skin cancer。Cancer of the skin。Philadelphia：WB Saunders。
8.	NAS。Arsenic。Prepared by committee on medical and biologica effects of environmental pollutants. Division of Medical Sciences。Washington, DC。
9.	Vahter, M. E.(1988)。Arsenic。Biological monitoring of toxic metal。New York：Plenum。

推文
推薦
引用網址
引用嵌入語法
轉寄

top

:::

相關期刊
相關論文
相關專書
相關著作
熱門點閱

1.	口腔黏膜下纖維化之流行病學
2.	肺癌之流行病學特徵、危險因子及防治策略

醫學資料分析之研究

無相關書籍

無相關著作

無相關點閱

QR Code

臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫系統

詳目顯示

臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫