:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:美國對北京政府的承認問題(1917-1927)
書刊名:花蓮師院學報
作者:吳翎君 引用關係
作者(外文):Wu, Ling-chung
出版日期:1997
卷期:7
頁次:頁289-313
主題關鍵詞:中美關係事實承認法理承認Sino-American relationshipDe jure recognitionDe facto recognition
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:0
  • 共同引用共同引用:4
  • 點閱點閱:19
     從1917年到1928年中國處於分裂狀態,除了軍閥勢力的盤踞各地外,在政 治上則是有南與北之爭;北京政府由北洋軍閥派系勢力所掌控;而南方則是孫中山所率領的 護法政府--代表著革命勢力的延續。在此一南北對立時期,國際社會所承認的合法政府係 北京政府,南方政權在北伐統一以前則被視為內戰中的地方勢力,不為國際承認。過去關於 此一時期的研究偏向軍閥與帝國主義的的緊密關係,而美國一向被視為與直系關係密切,本 文則將焦點置於美國對北京政府的承認政策。據本文的研究結果,不論美國與直系政權的關 係如何,在承認問題上美國對華政策是透過協調外交來保持在華利益,而其承認方式則視北 京政府的穩定性,從「法理承認」轉為「事實承認」。1926年6月以後,受到華南地區 日益高張的排外運動風潮之影響,美國政府開始改變「不以南方為談判對手」的政策,並派 遣使者赴廣州和香港等地調停排外風潮。其後北伐軍節節告捷,美國政府終於提出「不承認 政策」--全面否定中國任何一個政權的代表性(尤其是北京政府),將承認問題擱置,並 與南北雙方維持既有關係,以待中國政局的明朗化。
     During the year of 1917 and 1928, Republic China fell into a situation of chaotic disintegration. This study tries to explore the evolution of American recognition policy and seeks to rethink the sino-American relationship. Although Peking government was lack of the recognition of the legitimacy of Law, it was internationally recognized as the legitimate capital of China, American government was dependent on the stability of Peking authority; therefore its recognition policy changed from de jure to de facto. In the effect of Chinese anti-foreign movement and the rising victory of Northern Expedition, American government turned to non-recognition policy. This Policy emphasized denying the existence of Peking government, and withholding recognition until a substantial government came into being. Owing to the corruption and breakdown of Peking regime, this expedient policy not only preserved the interests of the United S tates but was helpful for all the Chinese people. In the process of discussion we can find the explicit pragmatism of American foreign policy.
期刊論文
1.The Japanese Embassy to the Department of State(19170904)。United States Department of State, Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States103。  new window
2.The Secretary of State to British Ambassador、The Secretary of State to Japanese Ambassador(19170906)。Foreign Relations of the United States103-104。  new window
3.(19220613)。Schurman to Hughes。FRUS, 1922,716。  new window
4.(19220615)。Schurman to Hughes。FRUS, 1922,1,717-718。  new window
5.(1922)。Hughes to Schurman。FRUS, 1922,1,718。  new window
6.(19220617)。Schurman to Hughes。FRUS, 1922,1,718-719。  new window
7.(19220625)。Schurman to the Secretary of State。FRUS, 1922,724。  new window
8.(19221215)。Schurman to Hughes。FRUS, 1923,1,709-710。  new window
9.(19231213)。Schurman to Hughes。FRUS, 1923,1,710。  new window
10.De Angelis, Richard C.(19810700)。Resisting Intervention: American Policy and the Lin Ch'eng Incident。中央研究院近代史研究所集刊,10,401-416。  new window
11.(1923)。After Lincheng, What?。Far Eastern Review,19(6),365。  new window
12.(19230526)。Schurman to Hughes。FRUS. 1923,1,648。  new window
13.(19230601)。Hughes to Schurman。FRUS. 1923,1,651。  new window
14.(19230709)。The Secretary of State to the British Charge (Chilton)。FRUS, 1923,1,675-676。  new window
15.(19230810)。The Diplo-matic Corps at Peking to Chinese Minister for Foreign Affairs (Wellington Koo)。FRUS, 1923,1,705-706。  new window
16.(19231009)。Schurman to Hughes。FRUS. 1923,1,682-688。  new window
17.(1923)。The Chinese Minister of Foreign Affairs (Wellington Koo) to Schurman。FRIS, 1923,1,696-701。  new window
18.(19231002)。Schurman to the Secretary of State。FRUS, 1923,1,701。  new window
19.(19231010)。The Acting Secretary of State (Phillip) to Schurman。FRUS, 1923,1,517。  new window
20.(19231011)。Schurman to the Secretary of State。FRUS, 1923,1,518。  new window
21.(19231015)。Schurman to the Secretary of State。FRUS, 1923,1,522。  new window
22.(19231005)。Schurman to the Secretary of State。FRUS, 1923,1,517。  new window
23.(19231015)。Schurman to the Secretary of State。FRUS, 1923,1,522。  new window
24.王樹槐(1985)。庚子賠款。中央研究院近代研究所專刊,31,365-426。  延伸查詢new window
25.(19241106)。Hughes to Mayer。FRUS, 1924,1,416-417。  new window
26.(19241111)。Hughes to Mayer, The French Embassy to the Department of State。FRUS, 1924,1,419-421。  new window
27.(19241111)。The Charg'e in China (Mayer) to the Secretary of State (Hughes)。FRUS, 1924,1,417-418。  new window
28.(19241111)。Hughes to Mayer。FRUS, 1924,1,419。  new window
29.(19241118)。The Ambassador in Great Britain (Kellogg) to Hughes。FRUS, 1924,1,423。  new window
30.(19241118)。Mayer to Hughes。FRUS, 1924,1,395。  new window
31.(19241125)。Mayer to Hughes。FRUS, 1924,1,399。  new window
32.(19241126)。Hughes to Mayer。FRUS, 1924,1,401。  new window
33.(19241125)。Hughes to the French Embassy。FRUS, 1924,1,428。  new window
34.(19241201)。Mayer to Hughe。FRUS, 1924,1,403-405。  new window
35.(19241203)。Mayer to Hughes。FRUS, 1924,1,407。  new window
36.(19241203)。Hughes to Mayer。FRUS, 1924,1,407。  new window
37.(19241204)。Mayer to Hughes。FRUS, 1924,1,405+432。  new window
38.(19241204)。Mayer to Hughes。FRUS, 1924,1,432。  new window
39.(19251204)。Mayer to Hughes。FRUS, 1924,42。  new window
40.(19241209)。Hughes to Mayer。FRUS, 1924,439。  new window
41.(19250105)。Schurman to the Secretary of States。FRUS, 1924,442。  new window
42.(19260514)。MaMurray to Kellogg。FRUS, 1926,616。  new window
43.(19260517)。Kellogg to MacMurray。FRUS, 1926,1,617。  new window
44.(19260616)。Mamuaay to Kellogg1,666-667。  new window
45.(19260206)。Jenkins to MacMurray。FRUS, 1926,1,690-691。  new window
46.(19260301)。Mac Murray to Kellogg。FRUS, 1926,1,697。  new window
47.(19260301)。Kellogg to MacMurray。FRUS, 1926,1,697。  new window
48.(19260321)。MacMurray to Kerllge。FRUS, 1926,1,697-698。  new window
49.(19260521)。Kellogg to MacMurray。FRUS, 1926,1,707。  new window
50.(19260706)。Mayer to Kellogg。SDA,20+35-36+49。  new window
51.(19260706)。Memor-andum of Mission to South China to Consult with American Consular Officers There. Mayer to Kellogg。SDA,59-62。  new window
52.(19260707)。MacMurray to Kellogg。FRUS, 1926,1,712。  new window
53.(19260724)。MacMurray to Kellogg。FRUS, 1926,1,848-849。  new window
54.(19260814)。MacMurray to Kellogg。FRUS, 1926,1,671-677。  new window
55.(19260814)。MacMurray to Kellogg。FRUS, 1926,1,679。  new window
56.(19260824)。Kellogg to MacMurray。FRUS, 1926,1,682。  new window
57.(19260626)。MacMurray to Kellogg。FRUS, 1926,1,667。  new window
58.(19260703)。Kellogg to MacMurray。FRUS, 1926,1,668。  new window
59.(19260707)。Jenkins to MacMurray。FRUS, 1926,1,668-669。  new window
60.(19261111)。Memorandum by the Chief of the Division of Far Eastern Affairs。FRUS, 1926,1,683-684。  new window
61.(19261218)。MacMurray to Kellogg。FRUS, 1926,1,686。  new window
62.(19270114)。MacMurray to Kellogg。FRUS, 1926,1,688。  new window
63.(19270115)。Kellogg to MacMurray。FRUS, 1926,1,688。  new window
64.王聿均(19690800)。舒爾曼在華外交活動初探(1921-1925)。中央研究院近代史研究所集刊,1,239-331。new window  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Fung, Edmund S. K.(1991)。The Diplomacy of Imperial Retreat: Britain's South China Policy, 1924-1931。Oxford University Press。  new window
2.Woodhead, H. G. W.。China Year Book 1925-1926。  new window
3.顧維鈞、中國社會科學院近代史研究所(1982)。顧維鈞回憶錄。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
4.劉大年(1951)。美國侵華史。北京市:人民出版社。  延伸查詢new window
5.朱建民(1977)。外交與外交關係。台北:正中書局。  延伸查詢new window
6.周鲠生(1981)。國際法。北京:商務印書館。  延伸查詢new window
7.臼井勝美(1972)。日本と中國。東京:原書房。  延伸查詢new window
8.山根幸夫(1991)。近代日中關係史研究入門。東京:研文出版社。  延伸查詢new window
9.胡繩(1950)。帝國主義與中國政治。北京:三聯書店。  延伸查詢new window
10.汪敏之(1950)。美國侵華小史。北京:三聯書店。  延伸查詢new window
11.Odoric Y. K. Wou(1978)。Militarism in Modern China, the Career of Wu Pei -Fu, 1916-1939。Dnwson:Australian National University Press。  new window
12.Tang Chi-hua(1991)。Britian and the Peking Govermnment, 1926-1928。London School of Economics, Department of International History。  new window
13.吳翎君(1996)。美國與中國政治--以南北分裂政局為中心的探討。台北:東大圖書公司。  延伸查詢new window
14.Moore, John Bassett(1906)。A Digest of International Laws。Washington, D. C.:Government Printing Office。  new window
15.Wou, Odoric Y. K.。Militarsm in Modern China, the Career of Wu Pei-Fu, 1916-1939。  new window
16.(1923)。FRUS。  new window
17.Wou, Odoric Y. K.。Militarism in Modern China, the Career of Wu Pei- Fu. 1916-1939。  new window
18.Peking & Tientsin Times(19240521)。Wu P'ei-fu。Militarism in Modern China the Career of Wu Pei-Fu, 1916-1939。  new window
19.陶文釗。中美關係史。  延伸查詢new window
20.黃征、陳長河、馬烈(1990)。段祺瑞與皖系軍閥。河南鄭州:河南人民出版社。  延伸查詢new window
21.(1924)。日本外交文書。  延伸查詢new window
22.中華民國史事日誌。  延伸查詢new window
23.McCormark, Gavan(1977)。Chang Tso-Lin in Northeast China, 1911-1928: China, Japan and the Manchurian Idea。Stanford:Stanford University。  new window
24.顏惠慶、姚松齡(1989)。顏惠慶自傳。台北:傳記文學出版社。  延伸查詢new window
25.郭廷以。中華民國史事日誌。  延伸查詢new window
26.Iriye, Akira(1969)。After Imperialism: The Search for a Now Order in the Far East, 1921-1931。New York:Atheneum。  new window
其他
1.蔡和森(1923)。克門案與運送飛機案。  延伸查詢new window
2.陳獨秀(1924)。帝國主義援助軍閥之又一證據。  延伸查詢new window
3.(19170905)。芮使致外交部(外交部檔案,機關03-41,宗號4-(1),「馮副總統繼任大總統就職案」)。  延伸查詢new window
4.(19181019)。美總統希望中國息爭之表承。  延伸查詢new window
5.(19180907)。收駐美顧公使電(外交部檔案,機關03-41,宗號5-(1),「徐大總當選,就職,辭職案」)。  延伸查詢new window
6.收禮官處(1918)。函送美國大總統暨墨西哥大總統賀電請查照擬復(外交部檔案,機關03-41,宗號6-(2),「徐大總當選,就職,辭職案」)。  延伸查詢new window
7.(19230811)。順天時報。  延伸查詢new window
8.Peking & Tientsin Times(1960)。Records of Department of State Relating to Internal Affaires of China, 1910-1929(No. 893. 00/4863)。,Washington, D. C.:A Microfilm Publication。  new window
圖書論文
1.王人傑(1993)。國際法上的承認。現代國際法。台北:三民書局。  延伸查詢new window
2.林明德。簡論日本寺內內閣對華政策。民出外交。台北:商務印書館。  延伸查詢new window
3.Buckley, Thomas(1974)。John Van Antewerp MacMurray: The Diulomacy of an American Madarin。Diplmat in Crisis: U. S.-Chinese-Japanese Relations, 1919-1941。Santa Baraba:Clio-ABC Press。  new window
4.沈予(1985)。1924-1927年日本對華政策--論「幣原外交」的特性。近代中國對外關係。四川:人民出版社。  延伸查詢new window
5.(1991)。Clementi to Amery (desp. ), June 27, 1926(C15072) and Aug. 9, 1926(C 15649)。The Diplomacy of Imperial Retreat: Britain's South China Policy, 1924-1931。Hong Kong:New York:Oxford University。  new window
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
QR Code
QRCODE