本研究宗旨在瞭解國小學童的體格和基本運動能力是否受種族和年齡的交互作用 影響。對象為臺中縣、南投縣內兩所平地學校和六所山地學校共八所；其中平地學校每所每 年級再隨機抽取一班，而山地學校則全校學童為施測對象，共男童 579 名，女童 573 名。 測量項目為體格 - 身高、體重、身體質量指數， 基本運動能力 - 50 公尺跑、仰臥起坐、 立定三次跳、壘球擲遠和耐力跑；測量資料經變異數分析及雪費法 (.05) 事後比較。 結果 ：一、男學童的體格和耐力跑在不同種族和不同年齡都有顯著差異； 50 公尺、仰臥起坐和 壘球擲遠則有種族和年齡的交互作用；而立定三次跳只在年齡方面有顯著差異。二、女學童 的身高在不同種族和不同年齡都有顯著差異； 體重、身體質量指數、50 公尺、仰臥起坐、 立定三次跳和壘球擲遠，則有種族和年齡的交互作用；而耐力跑只在種族方面有顯著差異。 建議：一、由資料顯示，學童基本運動能力越來越差，尤其是平地學童；國人應要重視此問 ，家庭和學校都要增加學童的活動機會，才能改善學童的基本運動能力。二、本研究測驗非 研究著親自測驗，且樣本只八所，若能親自測驗且增加樣本，則可減少誤差，使研究更具完 善。

　　　　　The purpose of this study was to examine the effect on physique and Physical Fitness between different races and ages in elementary children, and the interactive relationship between those. The subjects included 579 boys and 557 girls of two general elementary schools and six aboriginal elementary schools in Taichung and Nantou County. This study surveyed their physique (including height, weight and B.M.I) and phsical fitness (including 50 meters, sit-ups, three stand board jump, baseball throw and longrun). Data analysis were ANOVA and Sheffe (.05) post test. The results were as follows: (a) There were differences on boys' physique and longrun between races and ages. And there were three items including 50 meters run, sit-ups and softabll throw reflected interactive relationship on races and ages. Different aged boys had different distances on three stand board jump. (b) There was difference on girls' height between races and ages. And there were six items including, 50 meters run, sit-ups, three stand board jump and softball throw reflected interctive relation-ship on races and ages. Different racial girls had different long-run.