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題名:專案工作不確定性、規範化及溝通對專案績效的權變影響
書刊名:交大管理學報
作者:鄭毅萍
作者(外文):Cheng, Yih-ping
出版日期:1997
卷期:17:1
頁次:頁65-90
主題關鍵詞:權變觀點資訊處理模式工作不確定性規範化和溝通配適專案績效Contingency perspectiveInformation processing modelTask uncertaintyFormalization and communicationFitProject performance
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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  • 點閱點閱:22
     由於環快速變動而不易預測,組織內工作性質愈趨複雜,且工作間互動性高,專案 團隊因具有彈性及可變性,被視為是在複雜多變環中,企業為追求優異績效所應該使用的一 種工作單位之設計。 本研究以權變觀點及資訊處理模式,探討專案的規範化程度,與溝通的方向及頻率,如何因 應不同程度之專案工作的不確定性,對專案績效產生不同的影響作用。並以研究發展及工程 顧問此兩類最常使用專案團隊的典型組織為研究對象,採問卷及結構性訪談方式收集實證資 料。 實證結果顯示:就規範化而言,專案的預算標準化程度與執行過程標準化程度,與不可分析 性及不可預期性兩個不確定性構面上的配適,的確可提昇專案績效,但其權變影響作用的相 反的。而非例行性構面的實證結果則不達顯著。就專案溝通而言,不同的溝通方向(專案內 ;專案間、不同技術部門、高階主管、公司外專家及供應商),可能因所提供資訊的內涵不 同,致使與各個不同的專案不確定性構面上的配適,對專案績效有不同甚且相反的權變影響 作用。本文將探討其在專案管理理論及實務上之意義,希望對產業組織在運用專案團隊時, 如可解釋專案績效的變異,做更充分的理論說明及實務建議。
     Because the business environment is rapidly changing and tasks performe d is highly complex organizations, project team is the most common used work unit design in modern organizations, Based on the contingency perspective and th e information processing model, this study investigated the effects of formaliza tion and communication on project per formance contingent on the levels of task uncertainty. A set of R&D projects and construction design projects was used as the subjects of the study. Questionnaires and structural interviews were used to collect date. The results of this study indicated that: (1) the fit between the two dimensions of formalization (budget & implementation process standardization) and the two dimensions of task uncertainty (unanalyzability and unpredictability) led to bet ter projcet performance, but the direction of the effects was opposite to what i s predicted by the hypothesis. The effect of nonroutineness-formalization fit on project performance was not significant; (2) the effects of direction and frequency of communication on project performance were found to be contingent on the level of task uncertainty. the implications of the findings for future research and managerial practice are provided at the end of this article.
期刊論文
1.Katz, R.、Allen, T. J.(1985)。Project Performance and the Locus of Influence in the R&D Matrix。Academy of Management Journal,28(1),67-87。  new window
2.Withey, Michael、Daft, Richard L.、Cooper, William H.(1983)。Measures of Perrow's work unit technology: An empirical assessment and a new scale。Academy of Management Journal,26(1),45-63。  new window
3.Fry, L. W.、Slocum, J. W.(1984)。Technology, structure, and workgroup effectiveness: A test of a contingency model。Academy of Management Journal,27(2),221-246。  new window
4.Pinto, J. K.、Covin, J. G.(1989)。Critical factors in project implementation: a comparison of construction and R&D projects。Technovation,9(1),49-62。  new window
5.Drucker, P. F.(1988)。The Coming of the New Organization。Harvard Business Review,88(1),45-53。  new window
6.Tushman, M. L.、Nadler, D. A.(1978)。Information processing as an integrating concept in organization design。Academy of Management Review,3(3),613-624。  new window
7.Alexander, J. W.、Randolph, W. A.(1985)。The Fit Between Technology and Structure as a Predictor of Performance in Nursing Subunits。Academy of Management Journal,28(4),844-859。  new window
8.Perrow, C. A.(1967)。A Framework for the Comparative Analysis of Organization。American Sociological Review,32(2),194-208。  new window
9.Drazin, R.、Van de Ven, A. H.(1985)。Alternative Forms of Fit in Contingency Theory。Administrative Science Quarterly,30,514-539。  new window
10.Shenhar, A. J.、Dvir, D.(1996)。Toward a Typological Theory of Project Management。Research Policy,25,607-632。  new window
11.Tushman, M. L.(1978)。Technical Communication in R&D Laboratories: The impact of Project Work Characteristics。Academy Of Management Journal,21(4),624-645。  new window
12.Allen, Thomas J.、Lee, Denis M. S.、Tushman, Michael L.(1980)。R&D performance as a function of internal communication, project management, and the nature of the work。IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,EM-27(1),2-12。  new window
13.Ancona, D. G.(1990)。Outward bound: Strategies for team survival in an organization。Academy of Management Journal,33(2),334-365。  new window
14.Argote, L.(1982)。Input Uncertainty and Organizational Coordination in Hospital Emergency Unit。Administrative Science Quarterly,27,420-434。  new window
15.Daft, R. L.、Lengel, R. H.(1986)。Organizational Information Requirement, Media Richness, and Structural Design。Management Science,32,554-571。  new window
16.David, F. R.、Pearce, J. A.、Randolph, W. A.(1989)。Linking Technology and Structure to Enhance Group Performance。Journal of Applied Psychology,74(2),233-241。  new window
17.Ford, R. C.、McLaughlin, F. S.(1992)。Successful Project Team : A Study of MIS Managers。IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,39(4),312-317。  new window
18.王耀德、高志宏、朱博湧(19970300)。管理行為與專案特徵對專案績效的影響。人文與管理學報,1(1),199-221。  延伸查詢new window
19.Keller, R. T.(1994)。Technology-information processing fit and the performance of R&D project groups: a test of contingency theory。Academy of Management Journal,37(1),167-179。  new window
20.Van De Ven, A. H.(1976)。A framework for organization assessment。Academy of Management Review,1(1),64-78。  new window
21.Tushman, M. L.(1979)。Work Characteristics and Subunit Communcation Structure : A Contingency Analysis。Administrative Science Quarterly,24,82-97。  new window
22.Rubin, I. M.、Seeling, W.(1967)。Experience as a factor in the selection and performance of project managers。IEEE Transaction on Engineering Management,EM-14(3),131-135。  new window
23.Quinn, J. B.(1985)。Managing Innovations : Controlled Chaos。Harvard Business Review,1985(May/Jun.),73-84。  new window
24.Pinto, J. K.、Slevin, D. P.(1988)。Project Success : Definitions and Measurement Techniques。Project Management Journal,19(1),67-72。  new window
25.Miller, C. C.、Glick, W. H.、Wang, Y. D.、Huber, G. P.(1991)。Understanding technology-Structure Relationships : Theory Development and Meta-analytic Theory Testing。Academy of Management Journal,34,370-399。  new window
26.Ito, J. K.、Peterson, R. B.(1986)。Effects of Task Difficulty And Interunit Interdependence On Information Processing Systems。Academy of Management Journal,29(1),139-149。  new window
27.Larson, E. W.、Gobeli, D. H.(1989)。Significance of Project Management Structure on Development Success。IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,36(2),119-125。  new window
28.Katz, Ralph L.(1982)。The Effects of Group Longevity on Project Communication and Performance。Administrative Science Quarterly,27(1),81-104。  new window
29.Venkatraman, N.(1989)。The Concept of Fit in Strategy Research: toward Verbal and Statistical Correspondence。Academy of Management Review,14(3),423-444。  new window
30.Schoonhoven, C. B.(1981)。Problems with Contingency Theory: Testing Assumptions Hidden within the Language of Contingency Theory。Administrative Science Quarterly,26,349-377。  new window
31.Astley, W. Graham、Van de Ven Andrew, H.(1983)。Central Perspectives and Debates in Organization Theory。Administrative Science Quarterly,28(2),245-273。  new window
32.Tushman, Michael L.(1977)。Special Boundary Roles in the Innovation Process。Administrative Science Quarterly,22(4),587-605。  new window
33.Fry, L. W.(1982)。Technology-Structure Research: Three Critical Issues。The Academy of Management Journal,25(3),531-552。  new window
34.McCollum, J. K.、Sherman, J. D.(1991)。The Effects of Matrix Organization Size and Number of Project Assignments on Performance。IEEE Transaction on Engineering Management,38(1),75-78。  new window
圖書
1.Peters, Tom J.、Austin, Nancy(1985)。A passion for excellence: The leadership difference。New York:Random House。  new window
2.Kerzner, H.(1994)。Project Management : A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling。New York:Van Nostrand Reinhold。  new window
3.Lawrence, P. R.、Lorsch, J.(1967)。Organization and Environment。Harvard University Press。  new window
4.Galbraith, Jay R.(1977)。Organization Design。Addison-Wesley。  new window
5.Thompson, James D.(1967)。Organizations in Action: Social Science Bases of Administrative Theory。New York:McGraw-Hill。  new window
 
 
 
 
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