The first part is a general review of journalism and communication research on the mainland of China under the `planned system.' In the social and political situation of that period, “national ownership of mass media, propagandization of news unification of public opinions, ‘mouthpiece’ role of media, non-market-oriented management “were the distinguishing features of journalistic practice. As a guide to practice, journalistic theory had the following characteristics: (1) pursuing universal principles; (2) making detailed research in rather narrow areas; (3) using deductive research method by looking for answers from speeches of leaders and masterpieces of famous authors, and; (4) making arguments among researchers themselves. The second part is an analysis of the basic situation of journalism and mass communication since 1990. Under the system of market economy, administrative instruction is no longer the only factor which controls journalism. Preliminary marketability characterizes the actual operation of the mass media. The leading role of traditional official newspapers has been, and will be, further weakened. many newly established newspapers, especially those targeting at certain groups of audience, have strived to share the market. The needs of readers become an important factor taken into consideration by the press. Based on analysis of the research topics for the 8th five-year-plan (1991-1995) and the 9th five-year-plan (1996-2000) of the State Education Commission, the third part drew a conclusion of journalism research since 1990 and made a prediction about research in the near future: (1) “blind spots” in the research subject have been reduced; (2) “study for the sake of application “stand out as an outstanding characteristic of journalism research; (3) verification and diversification of research methods are taking place; (4) the focus of research has transferred from studying political attribute of media to its cultural and economic attributes.