Primary School Arithmetic in Hong Kong: Shall We Discard the Procedural Paradigm﹖_

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題名：	Primary School Arithmetic in Hong Kong: Shall We Discard the Procedural Paradigm﹖
書刊名：	Education Journal
作者：	馮振業／莫雅慈
作者(外文)：	Fung, Chun-ip／Mok, Ida Ah-chee
出版日期：	1997
卷期：	25:2
頁次：	頁63-80
主題關鍵詞：	香港；小學；算術；程序範式
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:0 點閱:20

　　　　　Arithmetic in the primary curriculum has a minimum of two roles, namely establishing proficiency in arithmetic and proceptual thinking as a foundation for the leaning of algebra. An analysis of three popular series of Hong Kong primary mathematics textbooks was conducted to give a preliminary picture of how the current curriculum contributes in these roles. Conventions and algebraic properties are distinguished in this paper. A procedural paradigm with an emphasis on learning computational conventions instrumentally is displayed. In addition, conventions and algebraic properties are not adequately explained or explored, and the choice of operation priority is driven by computational convenience. Some potential problems are identified. A shift of curriculum focus towards the promotion of a conceptual understanding of algebra and proceptual thinking is proposed.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Wong, K. M.(1994)。Can Mathematical Rules and Procedures be Taught without Conceptual Understanding?。CUI-IK Prirnaiy Education，5(1)，33-41。
2.	Gray, E.、Tall, D.(1994)。Duality, ambiguity and flexibility: A proceptual view of simple arithmetic。Journal for Research in Mathematics Education，25(2)，115-141。
3.	Davis, R. B.(1975)。Cognitive processes involved in solving simple algebraic equations。Journal of Children Mathematical Behavior，1(3)，7-35。
4.	Dreyfus, T.、Eisenberg, T.(1982)。Intuitive functional concepts: A baseline study on intuitions。Journal for Research in Mathematics Education，13(5)，360-380。
5.	馮振業(19951200)。Curriculum Reform in Mathematics and the Target Oriented Curriculum。教育學報，23(2)，125-150。
6.	Mok, L. A. C.(1995)。Some potential problems in school algebra: The case of Hong Kong。Curriculum Forum，4(2)，23-38。
7.	Skemp, Richard R.(1976)。Relational understanding and instrumental understanding。Mathematics Teaching，77，20-26。

會議論文
1.	Gray, E.、Tall, D.(1991)。Duality, ambiguity and flexibility in successful mathematical thinking。15th International Conference for the Psychology of Mathematics Education，72-79。
2.	Mok,I. A. C.(1993)。The understanding of the distributive law。17th International Conference for the Psychology of Mathematics Education，264。

圖書
1.	Booth, L. R.(1984)。Algebra: Children's strategies and errors。Berkshire：NFER-Nelson。
2.	Cambridge Publishers Ltd(1985)。Primary mathematics textbook series。Hong Kong：Cambridge Publishers。
3.	Curriculum Development Committee(1983)。Syllabus for primary schools: Mathematics。Hong Kong：Curriculum Development Committee。
4.	Leung, K. S.、Lai, M. K.(1995)。Mathematics today: A programmed course。Hong Kong：Canotta。
5.	Ling Kee Publishing Co(1989)。Primary mathematics textbook series。Hong Kong：Ling Kee Publishing。
6.	Modern Educational Research Society Ltd(1988)。Primary mathematics textbook series。Hong Kong:：Modem Educational Research Society.。

圖書論文
1.	Hiebert, J.、Lefevre, P.(1986)。Conceptual and procedural knowledge in mathematics: An introductory analysis。Conceptual and procedural knowledge: The case of mathematics。Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。
2.	Bednarz, N.、Janvier, B.(1996)。Emergence and development of algebra as a problem-solving tool: Continuities and discontinuities with arithmetic。Approaches to algebra: Perspectives for research and teaching。Dordrecht：Kluwer。
3.	Kieran, C.(1989)。The early learning of algebra: A structural perspective。Research issues in the learning and teaching of algebra。Reston, VA：NCTM。
4.	Herscovics, N.(1989)。Cognitive obstacles encountered in the learning of algebra。Research issues in the learning and teaching of algebra。Reston, VA：National Council of Teachers of Mathematics。
5.	Kieran, C.(1990)。Cognitive processes involved in learning school algebra。Mathematics and cognition: A research synthesis by the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education。Cambridge University Press.。
6.	Lodholz, R. D.(1990)。The transition from arithmetic to algebra。Algebra for everyone。Reston, VA：Mathematics Education Trust, National Council of Teachers of Mathematics。
7.	Schoenfeld, A. H.(1987)。Cognitive science and mathematics education; An overview。Cognitive science and mathematics education。Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。
8.	Tall, D.(1989)。Different cognitive obstacles in a technological paradigm。Research issues in the learning and teaching of algebra。Reston, VA：National Council of Teachers of Mathematics。
9.	Wheeler, D.(1989)。Contexts for research on the teaching and learning of algebra。Research issues in the learning and teaching of algebra。Reston, YA：National Council of Teachers of Mathematics。
10.	Wheeler, D.(1996)。Rough or smooth? The transition from arithmetic to algebra in problem solving。Approaches to algebra: Perspectives for research and teaching。Dordrecht, The Netherlands：Kluwer。

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