在標識系統中如何避免圖形符號之間的混淆，過去的研究都利用傳統的配對測試， 得到一個混淆矩陣，再根據主觀的解釋，作為改正設計的基礎。本研究旨在利用多向度評量 法，探討使用者對圖形符號的認知模式，並據此客觀的分析造成圖形符號混淆的原因。本文 首先將一組44個醫院圖形符號，經由醫生、護士、護理學生、工程學生共814個受試者， 利用傳統的配對測試，得到一個混淆矩陣，再把混淆矩陣以多向度評量法分析，得到一個三 個向度的認知空間，再利用這三個向度：外形特徵、內在涵意及參考情境，研究受試者對圖 形符號的認知模式，以及圖形符號辨識過程產生混淆的原因，提供設計師重新設計或修改這 套標準圖形符號的參考。多向度評量法在探討使用者的認知模式，值得進一步研究。

　　　　　Many studies use a matching test to get a confusion matrix which is then interpreted subjectively to understand the confusion in a set of graphic symbols. In this study, multidimensional scaling analysis (MDS) is used to study user perception and the confusion of graphic symbols. A set of forty-four hospital symbols are used as the stimulus materials, and eight hundred subjects, including doctors, nurses, patients, and college students, participated in this study. After a matching test, the confusion matrix was used as the input data for MDS analysis. The results show that the three dimensions in constituting perception space are "connotative factor", "denotative factor" and "context factor". These three main factors are also used to identify the confusion in the set of hospital symbols. Tue results provide designers with an idea how to concentrate their efforts on designing graphic symbols. The MDS seems to be a promising technique for understanding the user perception of graphic symbols and is clearly worthy of more in-depth study.