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外文摘要
引文資料
題名:
Social Convention Understanding and Restitutional Forgiveness
書刊名:
中華心理學刊
作者:
黃世琤
作者(外文):
Huang, Tina Shih-tseng
出版日期:
1997
卷期:
39:2
頁次:
頁119-138
主題關鍵詞:
寬恕
;
補償行為
;
社會習裕
;
Forgiveness
;
Restitution
;
Social convention
原始連結:
連回原系統網址
相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(
1
) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:0
共同引用:0
點閱:26
本研究探討在中國社會中補償式寬恕行為(即恩萊氏寬恕發展理論階段二)與社 會習俗的認知之間的關係,以釐清個人對社會習俗之理解層次在寬恕歷程中對降低負面情緒 反應程度上的可能差異。研究中自 1275 名大學生中經測量選出補償式寬恕者,並對他們的 社會習俗理解層次進行評量。之後,篩選出在過去三年中曾經歷過個人衝突事件並以寬恕方 式解決之受試者予以個別訪談,陳述他們所經歷的衝突事件、寬恕歷程以及目前對該衝突事 件之感受。訪談程序中並記錄受試者的語文和非語文情緒反應。結果顯示具肯定性社會習俗 理解之受試者比具否定性社會習俗理解之受試者表現出較多之壓抑性負面情緒反應。這項結 果在進一步與根據恩萊氏寬恕發展理論處第六階段之寬恕者比較時亦發現具肯定性社會習俗 理解之補償式寬恕者表現出較階段六寬恕者為多的負面情緒反應;但具否定性社會習俗理解 之補償式寬恕者與第六階段寬恕者之間則無此差異。這些證據顯示吾人於探討補償式寬恕行 為時,有必要釐清寬恕者對社會習俗的理解型式以確定補償式寬恕者所指稱之補償行為的意 義。
以文找文
The present study was designed to examine whether or not as a form of forgiveness, seeking restitution can be regarded as a socially conventional response in the Chinese society and hence an individual's conception of convention may affect a restitutional forgiver's motives and the extent to which his or her negative emotions are released during the process of forgiving. Restitutional forgivers with recent experiences in interpersonal conflicts were selected as subjects from among 1275 Chinese college students; their understandings of social convention were also measured. Subjects were asked to describe the forgiving process they went through and their current feelings for the conflicts, for which verbal and nonverbal measures of emotional states were taken. Results showed that subjects at the affirmative phases of social convention understanding appear to harbor more anger and unresolved negative emotions than those at the negation phases. A further comparison between restitutional forgivers and Stage-6 forgivers supports the above finding in that restitutional forgivers at the negative phases showed no differences in measures of negaitve emotions from those Stage-6 forgivers, whereas those at the affirmative phases exhibited more negative emotions than the Stage-6 forgivers. These results suggest that it may be necessary to take into account an individual's conception and understanding of social convention in order to clarify the meaning of restitution for restitutional forgivers.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
Chung, S. K.、Long, C. F.(1984)。A study of the revised State-Trait Anxiety Inventory。Psychological Testing,37,439-443。
2.
Ekman, P.、Friesen, W. V.(1982)。Felt, false, and miserable smiles。Journal of Nonverbal Behavior,6(4),238-252。
3.
Mahl, G. F.(1956)。Disturbances and silences in patient's speech in psychotherapy。Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology,53,1-15。
4.
Nucci, L.、Turiel, E.(1978)。Social interactions and the development of social concepts in preschool children。Child development,49,400-407。
會議論文
1.
Huang, S. T.(1995)。The emotional consequences of forgiving: A comparison of three types of Chinese forgivers。the National Science Council, ROC, Part C: Humanities and Social Sciences,113-125。
2.
Wu, D. Y. H.(1989)。Explicit and implicit moral teaching of preschool children in Chinese societies。the CCU-ICP International Conference on Moral Values and Moral Reasoning in Chinese Societies。Taipei。
研究報告
1.
Rest, J. R.(1979)。Revised manual for the Defining Issues Test。Minneapolis。
學位論文
1.
Huang, S.-T. T.(1990)。Cross-cultural and real-life validations of the theory of forgiveness in Taiwan, the Republic of China(博士論文)。University of Wisconsin-Madison,Wisconsin, WI。
2.
Nucci, L.(1977)。Social development: Personal, conventional, and moral concepts(博士論文)。University of California, Santa Cruz,Santa Cruz。
3.
Sun, Y. P.(1994)。The effects of the conventional understanding to the process of restitutional forgiveness(碩士論文)。National Chung-Cheng University,Chia-Yi。
圖書
1.
Huang, U. C.(1991)。Social Transition and Traditional Convention。Taipei:Little Lion。
2.
Kessen, W.(1975)。Childhood in China。China. New Haven, CT:Yale University Press。
3.
Spielberger, C. D.(1983)。Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory。Palo Alto, CA:Consulting Psychologists Press。
4.
Wilson, Richard W.(1970)。Learning to be Chinese: The political socialization of children in Taiwan。Cambridge, Massachusetts:MIT Press。
5.
Turiel, E.(1983)。The Development of Social Knowledge: Morality and Convention。Cambridge University Press。
圖書論文
1.
Enright, R. D.、The Educational Psychology Forgiveness Group(1991)。The Moral Development of Forgiveness。Handbook of Moral Behavior and Development。Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum。
2.
Turiel, E.(1975)。The development of social concepts: Mores, customs and conventions。Moral development: Current theory and research。Hillsdale, N.J:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。
3.
Turiel, E.(1977)。Distinct conceptual and developmental domains: Social convention and morality。Nebraska Symposium on Motivation。Lincoln, NB:U. Nebraska Press。
4.
Wen, C. Y.(1987)。Repay and revenge: A analysis on the behavior of exchange。The psychology of Chinese。Taipei:Laurel。
5.
Yang, L. S.(1976)。Return-A fundamental base in Chinese social relationship。Collections on Chinese ideology and social system。Taipei:Ling-Ging。
6.
Bond, M. H.、Wang, S. H.(1983)。China: Aggressive behavior and the problem of maintaining order and harmony。Aggression in Global Perspective。New York:Pergamon Press。
7.
Kohlberg, L.(1969)。Stage and sequence: The cognitive-developmental approach to socialization。Handbook of Socialization: Theory and Research。Rand McNally。
8.
Spielberger, C. D.、Johnson, E. H.、Russell, S. F.、Crane, R. J.、Jacobs, G. A.、Worden, T. J.(1985)。The experience and expression of anger: Construction and validation of an anger expression scale。Anger and hostility in cardiovascular and behavioral disorders。Hemisphere Publishing Corporation。
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