我國現正處於積極爭取入關之際，各種農業管制及補貼之撤除或削減勢在必行， 隨著兩岸交流層次的逐漸深化，未來大陸農業勢必挾帶著幅員廣大、工資低廉的生產優勢衝 擊臺灣市場。因此，本文之目的乃在依據出口近似性指標、市場佔有率、相對出口績效指數 及品質變動指數，分析 1984 年至 1993 年間兩岸農業在日、港市場的競爭態勢，期能作為 未來開放兩岸農業交流後政府農業政策調整之依循。本文獲致以下結論：(1) 兩岸農產品在 日、港之出口結構均相當近似。(2) 日本市場中，初期臺灣產品之顯示性比較利益較強，但 在後期卻以大陸產品具較強之顯示性比較利益，臺灣農產品的市場佔有率普遍高於大陸產品 ，但市場佔有率之擴張速度卻略遜一籌。(3) 香港市場中，大陸農產品的顯示性比較利益普遍 優於臺灣產品，且市場佔有率遠遠地領先臺灣產品。

　　　　　This paper is to analyze the competitiveness of agricultural exports of Taiwan and Mainland China to Japan and Hong Kong markets. We use market share, export similarity index, relative export performance index and Divisia index to measure the competitiveness. The following results are obtained: (1) The structures of agricultural exports of Taiwan and Mainland China to Japan and Hong Kong are very similar. (2) For Japan market, the products of Taiwan have stronger revealed comparative advantage in the early period, while in later period the products of Mainland China have stronger revealed comparative advantage. The market shares of Taiwan products are generally higher than the market shares of the products of Mainland China, while the expansion of the market shares of Taiwan products is slower. (3) For Hong Kong market, the products of Mainland China have stronger revealed comparative advantage and overwhelming market share.