In May 1937, a breakthrough was made in the Su-Chia national defense line by Japanese troops. Generalissino Chiang felt the urgent need to establish the San-Min-Chu-I (Three Principles of the People) Youth Corps, in order to strengthen the effort to drum up surging forces of the Nationalist revolution in the cause of the Sino-Japanese War and national reconstruction. After a convention for deliberations, the youth corps was formally established at Wuch'ang on July 9,1938, the anniversary of the inauguration of the Northward Expedition, The apparatus of the youth corps was divided into the five layers of the central headquarters, divisional headquarters, regional headquarters, companies, and platoons. A steering committee for physical education was established at the central headquarters for promoting the leadership capability of youth and developing their strong body and patriotism by means of physical education. Youth gymnasia nad summer camps were the main organizations of the San-Min-Chu-I youth corps in promoting physical education activities. Of various kinds of training, the physical education activities of the youth corps were the most active as well as the most successful. They inspired the morale of youth, cultivated their good moral character, enhanced their practical skills of living. strengthened their physique, prompted educated youth to join the armed forces for the sake of their country, thus setting in motion the motive power for national revival and reconstruction. However, they also were derided by socialists as a tool for enforcing fascist rule. Success of failure from the perspective of instrumentalism apart, they actually represented the golden age of the development of physical education during the Sino-Japanese War.