This case study attempts to explore the psychosocial process of parent- al decision on continuation or withdrawal from chemotherapy for actute lymphobl- astic leukemia patients with a 4 years child.Data were collected from interviews with the parents of patient,prospective follow-up,medical charts,and notes of attending nurses.Factors related to the parents' decisions include initial hesi- tation for participating chemotherapy and desire for better treatment,searching an easier and acceptable explanation of diagnosis,self-devaluation,and induced overprotective behavior.Emotional and psychosocial supports for patients;parents are necessary priior to and during the essential for establishing mutual trustf- ul relationship between parents and attending nurses,and thus for the completion of a therapy.