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題名:漢語主語的可辨指性要求
書刊名:國立臺灣大學文史哲學報
作者:周國正
作者(外文):Chow, Kwok-ching
出版日期:1999
卷期:50
頁次:頁85-109
主題關鍵詞:主語主題可辨指性語用SubjectTopicIdentifiabilityPragmatic
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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     一向以來有關漢語主語(主題)的可辨指性(identifiability)的討論都 在有指、無指、定指、不定指之類的框架下進行,而且都集中於名詞性成份。 本文指出,這個框架是以西方語言為背景發展出來的,對漢語未盡適用,而且 充任漢語主語的可辨別性要求不僅適用於名詞性成份,亦適用於動詞等非名詞 性成份。 至於所謂可辨指,關鍵亦不在於是否邏輯上能夠眾中辨一,而在於聽者對 說者所設定言談對象的確認。在言談過程中,說者並非被動地根據當時語境估 計聽者能否確認言談對象,而是可以主動作出適當處理,令聽者知道某一成份 具有語用上的可辨指性(無論事實上是否真正可辨指)。至於「一+量詞+名 詞」(其實不限於名詞)這結構充任主語之所以有種種限制,原因在於除非用 於表示"數量"或"強指"等意義,否則這是標明(marked)為不可辨指的 形式,與聽者能否在現實╱虛擬世界中真正辨指有關成份無關。
     The requirement of identifiability for Chinese topics has always been discussed under the framework of reference and definiteness, and limited to nominals, This article argues that this framework is developed against the background of western languages and may not fit the Chinese language properly; and the requirement of identifiability for Chinese topics applies to non-nominals as well. According to general understanding, the identifiability of a nominal (or more precisely, the entity the nominal refers to ) depends on whether the receiver can be assumed to know or to single out from among others the particular one in question. This article demonstrates that this is not the true criterion. Identifiability in fact only depends on whether the receiver can be assumed to be able to lock on to the particular one set by the speaker as topic inthe discourse. Moreover, the speaker does not merely assume, in a passive manner, that the receiver can lock on the topic; he can also actively "process" a topic to give it identifiability even though one and the same topic may not refer to anything the receiver can be assumed to single out in reality. The fact that there are restrictions on the structure "yi+classifier+NP" (not limited to NPs) functioning as topics is because the structure is a marked form of unidentifiability; and it has little to do with its actual identifiability.
Other
1.徐烈炯(1995)。定指性對漢語語系的影響。  延伸查詢new window
期刊論文
1.陳平(1987)。釋漢語中與名詞性成份相關的四組概念。中國語文(大陸),2。  延伸查詢new window
2.徐烈炯(1995)。定指性對漢語語序的影響。Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale,24(1),29-48。  延伸查詢new window
會議論文
1.巴斯安尼(1996)。Classifiers, Specificity and Typology in East Asian Language。Bangkok, Thailand。1987-1997。  new window
圖書
1.Lyons, John(1977)。語意學。Cambridge, London。  延伸查詢new window
2.曹逢甫、謝天蔚(1995)。主題在漢語中的功能研究--邁向語段分析的第一步。北京:語文出版社。  延伸查詢new window
3.Li, Charles Na、Thompson, Sandra Annear(1981)。Mandarin Chinese: a functional reference grammar。University of California Press。  new window
4.趙元任(1968)。A Grammar of Spoken Chinese。University of California Press。  new window
5.Lambrecht, Knud(1994)。Information Structure and Sentence Form: A Theory of Topic, Focus, and the Mental Representation of Discourse Referents。Cambridge University Press。  new window
6.Lyons, John(1977)。語意學。語意學。London, UK/ New York, NY。  延伸查詢new window
7.Hockett, Charles F.(1958)。現代語言學教程。現代語言學教程。New York, NY。  延伸查詢new window
8.湯廷池(1979)。主題與主語的劃分。主題與主語的劃分。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
9.屈承熹(1983)。漢語的「定指」、「預設」、「主題」、「焦點」。漢語語法.語意學論集-言談宇宙與語意領域:漢語中的預設與量化。Taipei。  延伸查詢new window
10.蔣嚴、潘海華、鄒崇理(1997)。名詞短語的語意內涵。漢語名詞短語的指稱性質。Paris, France。  延伸查詢new window
11.Allan, Keith(1986)。語意學。語意學。London, UK。  延伸查詢new window
12.Chafe, Wallace L.(1976)。已知性、對比性、有定性、主語和主題及觀點。主題與主語。New York, NY。  延伸查詢new window
13.Prince, Ellen(1981)。已知-新信息的分類。基本語用學。New York, NY。  延伸查詢new window
14.(1997)。數量化名詞短語充任主語的限制-語用角度下的研究。漢語名詞短語的指稱性質。Paris, France。  延伸查詢new window
15.Allan, Keith(1986)。語意學。語意學。London。  延伸查詢new window
16.Chafe, Wallace(1976)。已知性、對比性、有定性、主語和主題觀點。已知性、對比性、有定性、主語和主題觀點。New York。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.Kripke, Paul(1977)。Speaker's Reference and Semantic Reference。Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language。Minneapolis, MN:University of Minnesota Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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