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題名:生物力學在運動控制與協調研究中的應用
書刊名:大專體育學刊
作者:劉宇陳金鼓 引用關係
作者(外文):Liu, YuChen, J. G.
出版日期:1999
卷期:1:2
頁次:頁183-193
主題關鍵詞:生物力學運動控制運動協調
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(3) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:3
  • 共同引用共同引用:4
  • 點閱點閱:33
     生物力學是利用力學的原理和方法研究生物系統運動的一門科學。根據Zemicke( 1996) 的報告,生物力學研究技術近些年來在運動神經控制 (neuromotor control) 研究方 面的加速滲透,為深入理解運動控制的機轉起了催化劑的作用。人體運動通常是多肢體的複 合運動 (multi-segment movement), 從生物力學角度講,肢體運動又是由關節力矩控制和 決定的。根據 Bernstein(1987) 和 Hoy & Zemicke(1996) 的研究,人體運動不僅受到主動 的肌肉力矩的影響,亦受到重力矩及由運動產生的被動力矩的影響。通過肢體運動的動力學 可以對這些控制人體運動的力矩分量進行量化分析,據此,探討人體運動如何受到主動力和 被動力的影響,特別是運動過程中出現的肢段問的相互作用現象,根據這一方法獲得的結果 亦可推估運動的神經控制機轉 (Smith & Zemicke, 1987; Zemicke, 1996)。 因此,這一方 法又被稱為 " 肢段間互動的動力學 (intersegmental dynamics)"。根據上述學者的觀點, 肢段間互動的動力學不僅對產生與控制運動的理解有重要的意義,而且它亦為生物力學提供 了一種研究人體運動、重要的和嶄新的方法,(Schneider,1990)。肢段間互動的動力學分析 結果顯示,肌肉收縮可以直接作用產生肢體運動。肢體運動又隨之引起被動的反作用力矩反 過來影響運動,所以主動的肌肉力矩還需對抗平衡這些由於肢體相對運動而產生的被動力矩 。在動作控制與發展過程中,神經肌肉系統就是通過肌肉收縮力矩的調節與控制,達到對外 力矩 (外在環境 ) 和被動的反作用力矩 (motion-dependent) 的平衡與適應, 進而完成或 發展出一個有效率和協調的 (coordinated) 肢體動作。
     Biomechanics is the application of the principles and methods of mechanics to study the movement of biological systems. According to Zemicke (1996), the accelerated infusion ofbiomechniacs techniques into the study ofneuromotor control has served, during the past few decades, as a catalyst for generating new insights into the control of movement. From the biomechanical point of view, human limb movements are determined and controlled by joint torque. According to Bernstein (1987) and Hoy & Zemicke (1986), limb movements are influenced not only by active muscle torque, but also by gravitational torque and passive interaction torque created by segment movement. The modified formulation of limb dynamics, i.e. "intersegmental dynamics", allows us to quantify these torque, and has led to insights and predictions about motor control and coordination of human movement. Intersegmental dynamics analyses reveal that muscle contraction can function directly to cause and control limb movement or to counteract interactive torques arising from mechanical interactions between limb segments. Under the regulation of nervous system, muscle's function is actually to employ and/or to counteract (counterbalance) the varies of passive torques in order to achieve efficient and coordinated limb motions. During development and learning, intersegmental dynamics of limb may change as the nervous system exploits them to achieve efficient and coordinative limb motions.
期刊論文
1.劉宇(19970400)。肌肉在多關節運動中的功能與下肢運動的動力學。體育研究,3,197-218。  延伸查詢new window
2.Bastian, A. J.、Martin, T. A.、Keating, J. G.、Thach, W. T.(1996)。Cereballar ataxia: Abnormal control of interaction torques across multiple joints。Journal of Neurophysiology,76,492-509。  new window
3.Bobbert, J. S.、Huijing, P. A.、Van Ingen Schenau, G. J.(1987)。The influence of jumping technique on the biomechanics of drop jumping。Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise,19,332-338。  new window
4.Hoy, M. G.、Zernicke, R. F.(1985)。Modulation of limb dynamics in the swing phase of locomotion。Journal of Biomechanics,18,49-60。  new window
5.Hoy, M. G.、Zernicke, R. F.(1986)。The role of intersegmental dynamics during rapid limb oscillations。Journal of Biomechanics,19,867-877。  new window
6.Mena, D.、Mansour, J. M.、Simon, S. R.(1981)。Analysis and synthesis of human swing leg motion during gait and its clinical application。Journal of Biomechanics,14,823-832。  new window
7.Pandy, M. G.、Zajac, F.(1992)。Optimal muscular coordination strategies for jumping。Journal of Biomechanics,24,1-10。  new window
8.Phillips, S. J.、Roberts, E. M.、Huang, T. C.(1983)。Quantification of intersegmental reactions during rapid swing motion。Journal of Biomechanics,16(6),411-417。  new window
9.Sainburg, R. F.、Ghilard, M. F.、Poizner, H.、Ghez, C.(1995)。The control of limb dynamics in normal subjects and patients without proprioception。Journal of Neurophysiology,73,820-835。  new window
10.Smith, J. L.、Zernicke, R. F.(1987)。Predictions for neural control based on limb dynamics。Trends of Neuroscience,10,123-128。  new window
11.Van Ingen Schenau, G. J.(1991)。From rotation to translation: constraints of multi-joint movements and the unique action of bi-articular muscles。Human Movement Science,8,301-337。  new window
12.Wickelgren, I.(1998)。The cerebellum: The brain's engine of agility。Science,281,1588-1590。  new window
13.Zajac, F. E.(1993)。Muscle coordination of movement: A perspective。Journal of Biomechanics,26,109-124。  new window
14.劉宇、陳重佑、莊榮仁、黃長福(19981200)。國術騰空飛腳動作運動控制與協調系列研究(2)--關節控制力矩及其協同作用效果的肢段間互動動力學研究。體育學報,26,241-248。new window  延伸查詢new window
會議論文
1.劉宇(1998)。Biomechanical Insights into Motor Control of Human Movement。亞洲體育與運動科學學術研討會。台北。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Bernstein, N. A.(1967)。Co-ordinatioiiand Regulation of Movements。New York:Pergamon Press。  new window
2.Bernstein, N. A.(1987)。Bewegungsphysiology。Leipzig:Barth。  new window
3.Bruggemann, P.(1983)。Biomechanische Analyse Symmetrischer Sprung Bewegungen im Gerattumen。Berlin。  new window
4.Liu, Y.(1993)。Kinematik, Dynamik und Simulation des Leicht-athletischen Sprints。Frankfurt am main:Verlag Peter Lang。  new window
5.Schneider, K.(1990)。Koordination und Lernen von Bewegungen。Frankftirt am Main:H. Deutsch。  new window
6.Winter, D. A.(1987)。The Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Gait。Waterloo, Ontario:University of Waterloo Press。  new window
7.Winter, David A.(1990)。Biomechanics and Motor control of human movement。John Wiley & Sons, Inc.。  new window
圖書論文
1.Chao, E. Y. S.(1986)。Biomechanics of the human gait。Frontiers in Biomechanics。New York:Springer-Verlag。  new window
2.Mann, R.、Sprague, P.(1982)。kinetics of sprinting。Biomechanics in Sports。DelMar:Academic Publishers。  new window
3.Putnam, C. A.(1983)。Interaction between segments during a kicking motion。Biomechanics V1-B。Champaign, IL:Human Kinetics Publishers。  new window
4.Selbie, W. S.、Chapman, A. E.(1987)。A Mathematical Simulation of Running。Biomechanics X-B。Champaign IL:Human Kinetics。  new window
5.Thelen, B.、Zernicke, R. F.、Schneider, K.、Jensen, J. L.、Kamm, K.、Corbetta, D.(1992)。The role of intersegmental dynamics in infant neuromotor development。Tutorial in Motor Behavior。Amsterdam:Elsevier。  new window
6.Zernicke, R. F.(1996)。Biomechanical Insights into neural control of Movement。Handbook of Physology, Sec. 12: Exercise: Regulation and Integration of Multiple System。Oxford, NY:Oxford University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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