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題名:羅馬中心主義抑或種族主義--羅馬文學中的黑人形象研究
書刊名:外國文學評論
作者:馮定雄
出版日期:2017
卷期:2017(2)
頁次:183-204
主題關鍵詞:羅馬文學黑人形象種族歧視羅馬中心主義
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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古羅馬文學中對黑人的貶損性描寫常被現代種族主義者視為現代種族歧視的古典淵源和傳統之一。本文通過比較發現,羅馬文學對黑人身體特徵的描述既有貶損性,也有褒揚性,並未偏向一方。羅馬文學對黑人在羅馬社會關系中的角色的定位,其實質是為了維護羅馬等級制度和社會秩序。羅馬最初的社會等級劃分是以血緣關系而非種族特徵為基礎的,羅馬民眾對黑人的認識與對其他"外邦人"一樣褒貶摻雜;現代種族主義興起於近代,是現代政治的產物,與古代羅馬人對黑人的態度沒有歷史承續關聯。羅馬作家對黑人身體特徵的或貶或褒的描述、對羅馬社會秩序的維護以及羅馬國家和民眾對黑人的態度,反映的都是以羅馬(人)為中心的對外觀察,體現的是羅馬中心主義而非種族主義。
期刊論文
1.胡玉娟(2002)。古羅馬等級制度中的顯貴。世界歷史,2002(3),84-95。  延伸查詢new window
2.胡玉娟(2003)。試析羅馬早期平民的身份地位。史學理論研究,2003(1),33-47。  延伸查詢new window
3.Wace, Alan J. B.(1903)。Grotesques and the Evil Eye。The Annual of the British School at Athens,10,103-114。  new window
4.Bates, William N.(1904)。Scene from the Aethiopis on a Black-figured Amphora。Transactions of the Department of Archaeology, Free Museum of Science and Art,1,50。  new window
5.Seltman, C. T.(1920)。Two Heads of Negresses。American Journal of Archaeology,24,14。  new window
6.Watts, W. J.(1976)。Race Prejudice in the Satires of Juvenal。Acta Classica,19,83-104。  new window
7.Wiesen, D. S.(1970)。Juvenal and the Blacks。Classica et Mediaevalia,31,132-150。  new window
8.李隆國(2012)。從「羅馬帝國衰亡」到「羅馬世界轉型」--晚期羅馬史研究範式的轉變。世界歷史,2012(3),115-128。  延伸查詢new window
9.康凱(2014)。“476年西羅馬帝國滅亡”觀念的形成。世界歷史,2014(4),36-46。  延伸查詢new window
10.李永毅、李永剛(2013)。“野蠻人”概念在歐洲的演變--從古典時代到文藝復興。南京大學學報(哲學.人文科學.社會科學),2013(3),77。  延伸查詢new window
11.楊陽(2010)。種族主義:奴隸貿易與當代種族衝突。重慶教育學院學報,2010(5),73-74。  延伸查詢new window
12.劉泓(2008)。歐洲現代種族主義的歷史透視。內蒙古財經學院學報(綜合版),2008(5),85。  延伸查詢new window
13.張宏明(2008)。反黑人種族主義思潮形成過程辨析。西亞非洲,2008(1),18-28。  延伸查詢new window
14.(1929)。The Negro in Greek and Roman Civilization by Grace Hadley Beardsley。The Journal of Negro History,14(4),531。  new window
15.Foster, John Bellamy、Clark, Brett(2004)。Empire of Barbarism。Monthly Review,56(7),2-3。  new window
學位論文
1.李鳳淑(2005)。論奧古斯都時期的羅馬騎士(碩士論文)。東北師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.李珂(2010)。論羅馬共和國的騎士階層(碩士論文)。曲阜師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Fredrickson, George M.(2002)。Racism: A Short History。New Jersey:Princeton University Press。  new window
2.路吉阿諾斯、周作人(2003)。路吉阿諾斯對話集。北京:中國對外翻譯出版公司。  延伸查詢new window
3.查士丁尼、張企泰(1989)。法學總論--法學階梯。北京:商務印書館。  延伸查詢new window
4.Reinach, S.(1897)。Répertoire de la statuaire grecque et romaine。Paris:Ernest Leroux Éditeur。  new window
5.Beardsley, G. H.(1967)。The Negro in Greek and Roman Civilization: A Study of the Ethiopian Type。London:Russell & Russell。  new window
6.Volney, C. F.、Eckler, Peter(1890)。The Ruins or Meditations of Empires, and the Law of Nature。New York:Twentieth Century Pub. Co.。  new window
7.Heeren, Arnold Hermann L.(1838)。Historical Researches into the Politics, Intercourse and Trade of the Carthaginians, Ethiopians and Egyptians。Oxford:D. A. Talboys。  new window
8.Snowden, Frank M. Jr.(1970)。Blacks in Antiquity: Ethiopians in the Greco-Roman Experience。Cambridge:Belknap Press。  new window
9.Snowden, Frank M. Jr.(1991)。Before Color Prejudice: The Ancient View of Blacks。Cambridge:Harvard University Press。  new window
10.Schlumberger, Dominique、Bindman, David、Gates, Henry Louis Jr.(1976)。The Image of the Black in West Art。Houston:Menil Foundation。  new window
11.Thompson, Lloyd A.(1989)。Romans and Blacks。London:Oklahoma:Routledge:Oklahoma University Press。  new window
12.Bindman, David、Gates, Henry Louis Jr.(2014)。The Image of the Black in Western Art, vol. V: The Twentieth Century, Part 2: The Rise of Black Artists。Cambridge:Harvard University Press。  new window
13.Bindman, David、Gates, Henry Louis Jr.(1989)。The Image of the Black in Western Art, vol. IV: From the American Revolution to World War I, Part 1: Slaves and Liberators。Cambridge:Harvard University Press。  new window
14.維吉爾、楊憲益(1957)。牧歌。人民文學出版社。  延伸查詢new window
15.凱撒、任炳湘(1979)。高盧戰記。商務印書館。  延伸查詢new window
16.Livy、Radice, Betty(1982)。Rome and Italy: Books III-X of The History of Rome from Its Foundation。London:Penguin Books。  new window
17.撒路斯提烏斯、王以鑄、崔妙因(1996)。喀提林陰謀朱古達戰爭。商務印書館。  延伸查詢new window
18.塔西佗、馬雍、傅正元(1959)。日耳曼尼亞志。商務印書館。  延伸查詢new window
19.Marcellinus, Ammianus、Hamilton, Walter(1986)。The Later Roman Empire (A. D. 354-378)。London:Penguin Books。  new window
20.Justinus, Marcus Junianus、Watson, John Selby(1853)。Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus。London:Henry G. Bohn。  new window
21.Pliny、Rackham, H.(1961)。Natural History。Cambridge:Harvard University Press。  new window
22.Pausanias、Jones, W. H. S.(1918)。Description of Greece。London:William Heinemann。  new window
23.Ptolemy, Claudius、Ashmand, J. M.(2011)。Ptolemy's Tetrabiblos。Seattle:Pacific Publishing Studio。  new window
24.Strabo、Jones, Horace Leonard(1982)。The Geography of Strabo。Cambridge:Harvard University Press。  new window
25.徐新(1996)。反猶主義解析。上海三聯書店。  延伸查詢new window
26.塞涅卡、包利民(2005)。強者的溫柔--塞涅卡倫理文選。中國社會科學出版社。  延伸查詢new window
27.Seneca、Kaster, Robert A.、Nussbaum, Martha C.(2010)。On Anger。Chicago:The University of Chicago Press。  new window
28.荷馬、羅念生、王煥生(1994)。伊利亞特。人民文學出版社。  延伸查詢new window
29.Suetonius、張竹明(2000)。羅馬十二帝王傳。商務印書館。  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.Barrows, Isabel C.(1903)。Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Meeting of the Lake Mohonk Conference of Friends of the Indian 1902。  new window
2.Bernstein, Adam。Frank Snowden, Major Scholar of Blacks in Antiquity,http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/21/AR2007022101989.html。  new window
圖書論文
1.Plautus(1932)。Poenulus, or The Little Carthaginian。Plautus with an English Translation by Paul Nixon in Five Volumes。Cambridge:Harvard University Press。  new window
2.Italicus, Silius(1961)。Punica。Silius Italicus: Punica with an English Translation by J. D. Duff in Two Volumes。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。  new window
3.Vergil(1916)。Moretum。The Minor Poems of Vergil: Comprising the Culex, Dirae, Lydia, Moretum, Copa, Priapeia, and Catalepton, Metrically Translated into English by Joseph J. Mooney。Birmingham:Cornish Brothers Ltd.。  new window
4.Petronius(1913)。Satyricon。Petronius with an English Translation by Michael Heseltine: Seneca: Apocolocyntosis with an English Translation by W. H. D. Rouse。London:William Heinemann Ltd.。  new window
5.Persius(1918)。Satire。Juvenal and Persius with an English Translation by G. G. Ramsay。London:William Heinemann。  new window
6.Martial(1993)。Epigrams。Martial: Epigrams Edited and Translated by D. R. Shackleton Bailey。Cambridge:Harvard University Press。  new window
7.Juvenal(1918)。The Satires of Juvenal。Juvenal and Persius with an English Translation by G. G. Ramsay。London:William Heinemann。  new window
8.Luxorius(1961)。67. De Olympic venatore Aegyptio。Luxorius, a Latin Poet among the Vandals: Together with a Text of the Poems and an English Translation。New York:Columbia University Press。  new window
9.Ovid(1914)。The Heroides。Ovid: Heroides and Amores with an English Translation by Grant Showerman。London:William Heinemann。  new window
10.Ovid(1914)。The Amores。Ovid: Heroides and Amores with an English Translation by Grant Showerman。London:William Heinemann。  new window
11.Claudian(1922)。The War against Gildo。Claudian with an English Translation by Maurice Platnauer in Two Volumes。Cambridge:Harvard University Press。  new window
12.李維、穆啟樂、Baker, George(2005)。[建城以來史]前言。建城以來史。上海人民出版社。  延伸查詢new window
13.Diodorus of Sicily(1935)。The Library of History。Diodorus of Sicily in Twelve Volumes, vol. 2: Books II (continued) 35-IV. 58 with an English Translation by C. H. Oldfather。Cambridge:Harvard University Press。  new window
14.Cicero(1919)。Letters to Atticus Book I。Cicero: Letters to Atticus with an English Translation by E. O. Winstedt in Three Volumes。London:William Heinemann。  new window
 
 
 
 
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