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題名:“獨狼”恐怖主義的類型、激進化及其遏制策略
書刊名:雲南民族大學學報(哲學社會科學版)
作者:王晴鋒
出版日期:2017
卷期:2017(2)
頁次:48-55
主題關鍵詞:獨狼恐怖主義無領袖抵抗激進化Lone-wolf terrorTerrorismLeaderless resistanceRadicalization
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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"獨狼"是當代恐怖主義的重要形式,它沒有階序等級化的組織結構,是去中心化和自我激進化的實體。以理性-非理性、個體-社會兩個維度進行交互分類可得到四種理想類型的獨狼,即精神錯亂型(個體非理性)、怨恨-復仇型(個體理性)、救贖-表意型(社會非理性)和意識形態型(社會理性)。獨狼的意識形態決定了目標選擇,他們大多在熟悉的區域選擇平民和非政府目標作為襲擊對象。由於很難對獨狼進行偵察、鑒別和滲透,因此,阻懾獨狼的難度較大、成本很高。除了政府和軍事力量導向的安全性原則外,應採取綜合性反恐策略,包括意識形態宣傳、網絡監控、共同體介入、協調國家與公民關係以及轉變傳統風險觀念等。
"Lone- wolf terror"as a decentralized and self- radicalized entity is a key form of contemporary terrorism,and has no hierarchical order of organization. If divided by the two dimensions of rational- irrational and individual- social features,"lone- wolf terrorists"fall into four types: mentally disordered,resent- retaliative,salvation- expressional and ideological. Ideology determines the targets of "lone- wolf terrorists"who usually choose civilian and nongovernment targets in their familiar areas. Because it is hard to detect,discern or distinguish them,it is no easy job to stop them. Besides the government and military measures,there are other solutions,such as ideological publicity,internet monitoring,community involvement,good relationship between the state and the public;last but not the least,the transformation of the concept of traditional risks.
期刊論文
1.Spaaij, Ramón(2010)。The Enigma of Lone Wolf Terrorism: An Assessment。Studies in Conflict & Terrorism,33(9),854-870。  new window
2.van Buuren, Jelle、de Graaf, Beatrice(2014)。Hatred of the System: Menacing Loners and Autonomous Cells in the Netherlands。Terrorism and Political Violence,26(1),176。  new window
3.Gartenstein-Ross, Daveed(2014)。Lone Wolf Islamic Terrorism: Abdulhakim Mujahid Muhammad (Carlos Bledsoe) Case Study。Terrorism and Political Violence,26(1),125。  new window
4.Meloy, J. Reid、Yakeley, Jessica(2014)。The Violent True Believer as a 'Lone Wolf'--Psychoanalytic Perspectives on Terrorism。Behavioral Sciences and the Law,32,349。  new window
5.Bakker, Edwin、De Graaf, Beatrice(2011)。Preventing Lone Wolf Terrorism: Some CT Approaches Addressed。Perspectives on Terrorism,5(5/6),43-50。  new window
6.Pitcavage, Mark(2015)。Cerberus Unleashed: The Three Faces of the Lone Wolf Terrorist。American Behavioral Scientist,59(13),1671。  new window
7.McCauley, Clark、Moskalenko, Sophia(2014)。Toward a Profile of Lone Wolf Terrorists: What Moves an Individual From Radical Opinion to Radical Action。Terrorism and Political Violence,26(1),83。  new window
8.Gruenewald, Jeff(2013)。Far-Right Lone Wolf Homicides in the United States。Studies in Conflict & Terrorism,36(12),1020。  new window
9.Nesser, Petter(2012)。Single Actor Terrorism: Scope, Characteristics and Explanations。Perspectives on Terrorism,6(6),61-73。  new window
10.Michael, George(2014)。Counterinsurgency and Lone Wolf Terrorism。Terrorism and Political Violence,26(1),53。  new window
11.Ellis, Clare(2016)。Analysing the Processes of Lone-Actor Terrorism: Research Findings。Perspectives on Terrorism,10(2),33。  new window
12.de Roy van Zuijdewijn, Jeanine、Bakker, Edwin(2016)。Analysing Personal Characteristics of Lone--Actor Terrorists: Research Findings and Recommendations。Perspectives on Terrorism,10(2),45。  new window
13.Gardell, Mattias(2014)。Crusader Dreams: Oslo 22/7, Islamophobia, and the Quest for a Monocultural Europe。Terrorism and Political Violence,26(1),131。  new window
14.Becker, Michael(2014)。Explaining Lone Wolf Target Selection in the United States。Studies in Conflict & Terrorism,37(11),959-978。  new window
15.Becker, Michael(2016)。A Response to 'Key Issues and Research Agendas in Lone Wolf Terrorism'。Studies in Conflict & Terrorism,39(5),472。  new window
16.Kaplan, Jeffrey、Lööw, Heléne、Malkki, Leena(2014)。Introduction to the Special Issue on Lone Wolf and Autonomous Cell Terrorism。Terrorism and Political Violence,26(1),2。  new window
17.Kirby, Aidan(2007)。The London Bombers as 'Self-Starters': A Case Study in Indigenous Radicalization and the Emergence of Autonomous Cliques。Studies in Conflict & Terrorism,30,424。  new window
18.Phillips, Peter(2012)。The Lone Wolf Terrorist: Sprees of Violence。Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy,18(3),1。  new window
19.Phillips, Peter J.(2011)。Lone Wolf Terrorism。Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy,17(1),1-29。  new window
20.Clubb, Gordon(2014)。From Terrorists to Peacekeepers: The IRA's Disengagement and the Role of Community Networks。Studies in Conflict & Terrorism,37(10),842。  new window
21.Hewitt, Christopher(2014)。Law Enforcement Tactics and Their Effectiveness in Dealing With American Terrorism: Organizations, Autonomous Cells, and Lone Wolves。Terrorism and Political Violence,26(1),58。  new window
22.Barnes, Beau(2013)。Confronting the One-man Wolf Pack: Adapting Law Enforcement and Prosecution Responses to the Threat of Lone Wolf Terrorism。Boston University Law Review,92,1634。  new window
23.Cohen, Katie(2014)。Detecting Linguistic Markers for Radical Violence in Social Media。Terrorism and Political Violence,26(1),248-250。  new window
24.Jensen, Richard(2014)。The Pre-1914 Anarchist 'Lone Wolf' Terrorist and Governmental Responses。Terrorism and Political Violence,26(1),87。  new window
25.Gray, Phillip(2013)。Leaderless Resistance, Networked Organization, and Ideological Hegemony。Terrorism and Political Violence,25(5),655。  new window
26.Appleton, Catherine(2014)。Lone wolf terrorism in Norway。The International Journal of Human Rights,18(2),137。  new window
27.Ellis, Patrick(2014)。Lone Wolf Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction: An Examination of Capabilities and Countermeasures。Terrorism and Political Violence,26(1),219。  new window
圖書
1.Hewitt, Christopher(2003)。Understanding Terrorism in America: From the Klan to al Qaeda。New York:Routledge。  new window
 
 
 
 
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