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題名:中國工業水污染排放的空間格局及結構演變研究
書刊名:中國人口.資源與環境
作者:石敏俊鄭丹雷平袁靜沛
出版日期:2017
卷期:2017(5)
頁次:1-7
主題關鍵詞:工業水污染空間格局工業COD技術效應規模效應Industrial wastewater pollutionSpatial patternIndustrial wastewater CODTechnological effectScale effect
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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我國工業企業污染物排放的空間格局正在發生變化。現有的統計數據不能提供區分區域和行業層面的工業企業污染物排放數據,無法刻畫地市尺度上各個工業部門污染排放的空間格局及其演變。工業企業污染物排放的空間認知是制定環境污染控制和區域產業發展規劃的科學基礎。本文聚焦于工業水污染,構建了新的工業企業水污染排放的空間估算方法,估算分行業分區域的工業水污染排放量,來分析地市尺度上中國工業水污染排放的空間格局及其演變。本文構建的空間估算方法首先將全國分行業污染排放量依據產值分解到省級和地市層面,再依據企業規模校正系數、生產工藝校正系數和環境管制能力校正系數對未考慮區域差異的排放強度進行校正,最后采用適時修正法對污染物排放量的估算結果進行部門和區域的平衡調整。以基于空間估算方法估算的工業COD為例,剔除個別異常值后,2010年省級尺度重點行業工業COD排放量估算結果的平均誤差為12.7%,數據質量優良,顯示本估算方法較強的適用性。根據本文的結果,發現2005年至2010年間我國工業COD的減排主要由造紙及紙制品業的技術效應貢獻,其中又以西部地區造紙及紙制品業貢獻突出,其次是東部地區,中部地區略有貢獻,東北部地區貢獻為負值。其他對工業COD減排作出較大貢獻的行業包括食品加工業和化學原料及化學品制造業,但不同產業的區域差異顯著。基于可持續性發展的視角,技術效應與規模效應同樣顯著的產業應當作為區域的主導產業予以重點發展。
Spatial pattern of industrial pollution emission lays scientific foundation for pollution control policy and regional industry planning. Nowadays it is changing with China’s great endeavor in pollution control. Some manufacturing companies have migrated from coastal regions to the central and western regions,which also affects the spatial distribution of industrial pollution. The current statistical data and records are not capable of discerning regions’ disparity as well as sectors’ disparity in industrial pollution emission,not to say depicting spatial pattern of industrial pollution emission at prefecture-level. Therefore,this paper aims to propose a spatial estimation method for the industrial waste water pollution,and to examine the evolutions of the industrial wastewater COD emission by sector during 2005-2010 and the spatial pattern of industrial wastewater pollution emission in China. The spatial estimation method proposed in this paper focuses on regional differences of pollutant emission intensity across provincial and prefectural regions,which is corrected based on difference of firm scale,processing techniques and environmental regulations through a data mining approach.Results show that low pollution emission intensity companies with high pollution density,while high pollution emission intensity companies with low pollution density. This spatial mismatch phenomenon is resulted from the uneven spatial distribution of manufacturing production capacity. Most of the cities in coastal region see pollution decrease that relates to technological improvements more than economic scale,while in the west,more regions see pollution increase that relates to economic scale more than technological improvements or two factors working towards the same direction. Such phenomenon suits the fact that different regions are situated in different development stage. Resource environmental carrying capacity should be fully considered in the rebalancing of regional economic.
期刊論文
1.He, Canfei、Wang, Junsong(201206)。Regional and sectoral differences in the spatial restructuring of Chinese manufacturing industries during the post-WTO period。Geo Journal,77(3),361-381。  new window
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5.吳愛芝、孫鐵山、李國平(2013)。中國紡織服裝產業的空間集聚與區域轉移。地理學報,68(6),775-790。  延伸查詢new window
6.毛琦梁、董鎖成、王菲(2013)。中國省區間製造業空間格局演變。地理學報,68(4),435-448。  延伸查詢new window
7.WANG, Jinfeng、REIS, B. Y.、HU, Maogui(2011)。Area disease estimation based on sentinel hospital records。Plos one,6(8),1-8。  new window
8.LI, Lianfa、WANG, Jinfeng、WU, Jun(2012)。A spatial model to predict the incidence of neural tube defects。BMC public health,2012(12),951-961。  new window
9.WANG, Jinfeng、HU, Maogui、XU, Chengdong(2013)。Estimation of citywide air pollution in Beijing。Plos one,8(1),1-6。  new window
10.戚偉、李穎、劉盛和(2013)。城市晝夜人口空間分布的估算及其特徵--以北京市海澱區為例。地理學報,68(10),1344-1356。  延伸查詢new window
11.趙海霞、曲福田、郭忠興(2006)。環境污染影響因素的經濟計量分析:以江蘇省為例。環境保護,2006(4),43-49。  延伸查詢new window
12.MATTHEW, A. C.、ROBERT, J. R.、ELLIOTT, K. S.(2005)。Industrial characteristics. environmental regulations and air pollution: an analysis of the UK manufacturing sector。Journal of environmental economics and management,50(1),121-143。  new window
13.JIANG, L.、LIN, C.、LIN, P.(2014)。The determinants of pollution levels: firm level evidence from Chinese manufacturing。Journal of comparative economics,42(1),118-142。  new window
14.傅京燕(2009)。產業特徵、環境規制與大氣污染排放的實證研究--以廣東省製造業為例。中國人口‧資源與環,19(2),73-77。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.國務院第一次全國污染源普查領導小組辦公室(20131015)。第一次全國污染源普查工業污染源產排污系數手冊。  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.環境保護部(20131010)。水污染物排放標準,http://kjs.mep.gov.cn/hjbhbz/bzwb/shjbh/swrwpfbz/.。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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