主詞和謂詞在邏輯上是構成判斷的最基本要素,而在本體論和認識論上對它們如何定位,則成為產生不同哲學派別的邏輯端緒。西方哲學的每一次重大變革無不肇始于對主謂關系的重新理解,就此而言,一部西方哲學史仿佛就是主詞與謂詞的辯證歷程。馬克思的哲學變革也不例外,他正是通過批判黑格爾和青年黑格爾派的主謂顛倒,并建立起自己的主謂辯證法,才為他的哲學和整個思想打下邏輯基礎的。可是,自從馬克思不再談論這個話題以來,170年間,他的這一思想幾乎湮沒無聞。后世的馬克思主義都以恩格斯和列寧的辯證邏輯作為邏輯基礎。不過,他們二人都未曾論述過主謂關系這種原本的邏輯問題。因此,將馬克思的主謂辯證法發掘出來,對于重新理解馬克思本人的哲學和馬克思主義哲學都具有極其重要的意義。

Subject and predicate are the most basic elements of judgment,the ontological and epistemological definitions of which logically facilitate the emergence of different philosophical schools. Insofar as revolutions in Western philosophy have always started with the reinterpretation of the relationship between subject and predicate,a history of Western philosophy can be regarded as the course of the dialectics of subject and predicate. Marx ’s philosophical revolution is no exception. Marx criticized Hegel ’s and the Young Hegelians’ inversion of subject and predicate and produced a new dialectical theory concerning the relationship between those two elements,thereby building the logical foundation of his philosophy. However,since Marx ended his discussion of this topic 170 years ago,his relevant thoughts have disappeared into obscurity. Marxists after Marx usually took Engels’ s and Lenin’s dialectical logics as the logical foundation of Marxist philosophy,but neither Engels nor Lenin actually discussed such topics of logic proper as the relationship between subject and predicate. Therefore,if we want to deepen our understanding of Marx ’s philosophy and Marxist philosophy,it is very important to expose Marx’s dialectics of subject and predicate.