During the early 20 th century,parochial nationalism of Han Chinese,Han chauvinism and five races under one union had been higly influential in China.After the founding of the CPC,although its leaders accepted Lenin’s theories of the equality for nationalities and national colony with emphasis on emancipating all small and weak nationalities,they still did not do in-depth study on domestic nationality issues.Because of the long march,the major leaders of the CPC and the Red Army personally went through the vast areas inhibited by ethnic minorities,and started to combine the national theory of Marxism-Leninism with China’s specific historical conditions.After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War,Mao Zedong put forward his great thought that "China is a nation consisted of multiple nationalities",which clarified the relationship between the multinational state and the integrity of the Chinese nation from theoretical height and policy level.This great thought was completely different from the ideas of "one nation one state"or"national assimilation",throwing off the yoke of the western theory of"nation state",and brought about profound significance.