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題名：弗雷澤與斯賓塞對現代人類學田野方法論創建的貢獻
書刊名：民族研究
作者：梁君健
出版日期：2016
卷期：2016(6)
頁次：39-50+124
主題關鍵詞：詹姆斯．弗雷澤；鮑德溫．斯賓塞；人類學；田野工作；學科範式轉向；Frazer；Spencer；Anthropology；Fieldwork；Paradigm shift of anthropology
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9世紀末到20世紀初,人類學經歷了一次重要的學科范式轉向,田野工作成為現代人類學與古典人類學的重要區分標準。本文以詹姆斯·弗雷澤和鮑德溫·斯賓塞之間的通信及后者的田野日記為主要研究材料,考察了二人在現代人類學田野方法論創建過程中的歷史性貢獻。弗雷澤自己沒有進行過人類學田野調查,但他和斯賓塞在通信討論過程中發展出田野工作的基本觀念;在這些觀念的指導下,斯賓塞在長期的人類學探險活動中已經實質性地展開了具有現代人類學特征的田野工作。弗雷澤和斯賓塞對于人類學方法論的貢獻展現出那個時代"搖椅人類學家"更加豐富的研究取向,也為當代中國人類學方法論自覺的形成提供了具體參照。
At the beginning of 20th century,the field of anthropology experienced an important paradigm shift which led fieldwork to become critical differentiation standard.This paper examines historical contribution of Frazer and Spencer on the foundation of methodology on fieldwork in modern Anthropology based on their letters and Spencer’s fieldwork notes.Frazer himself did not do any anthropological fieldwork,but he developed the basic concepts of fieldwork through the discussion with Spencer in their letters.Under the guidance of these concepts,Spencer had substantially conducted fieldwork with modern anthropological characters in his long-time anthropological expeditions.Frazer and Spencer’s contribution of anthropological methodology has revealed abundant aspects of armchair anthropologists at that time,and also provided specific reference for methodological development of Anthropology in contemporary China.
期刊論文
1.Kuklick, H.(2011)。Personal Equations: Reflections on the History of Fieldwork, with Special Reference to Sociocultural Anthropology。Isis，102(1)。  new window
2.中根千枝、麻國慶(2001)。田野工作的意義。思想戰線，2001(1)。  延伸查詢new window
3.Morphy, H.(2012)。Reading Spencer and Gillen。Sophia，51(4)。  new window
4.張麗梅(2015)。對「馬凌諾斯基革命」的重新思考。世界民族，2015(6)。  延伸查詢new window
5.王宏宇(2016)。鮑德溫．斯賓塞與後維多利亞時代的古典人類學。民族學刊，2016(5)。  延伸查詢new window
6.劉曼(2012)。弗雷澤在中國的接受與傳播。求索，2012(10)。  延伸查詢new window
7.Kuklick, H.(2006)。'Humanity in the Chrysalis Stage': Indigenous Australians in the Anthropological Imagination, 1899-1926。British Journal for the History of Science，39(4)。  new window
圖書
1.Spencer, B.、Gillen, F. J.(1904)。The Northern Tribes of Central Australia。London：Macmillan。  new window
2.汪寧生(2002)。文化人類學調查：正確認識社會的方法。北京：文物出版社。  延伸查詢new window
3.Kuper, Adam(1983)。Anthropology and Anthropologists: The Modern British School。Routledge & Kegan Paul。  new window
4.Malinowski, B.(1961)。Argonauts of the Western Pacific: An Account of Native Enterprise and Adventure in the Archipelagoes of Melanesian New Guinea。New York：E.P. Dutton & Co. Inc.。  new window
5.Jarvie, I. C.(1967)。The Revolution in Anthropology。London：Routledge and Kegan Paul。  new window
6.Young, M. W.(2004)。Malinowski: Odyssey of an Anthropologist, 1884-1920。New Haven：Yale University Press。  new window
7.Kuper, Adam(2005)。The Reinvention of Primitive Society: Transformations of a Myth。Routledge。  new window
8.Ackerman, Robert(1987)。J. G. Frazer: His Life and Work。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
9.Ackerman, Robert(2005)。Selected Letters of Sir J. G. Frazer。Oxford：Oxford University Press。  new window
10.柳田國男、王曉葵(2010)。民間傳承論與鄉土生活研究法。學苑出版社。  延伸查詢new window
11.Spencer, B.、Gillen, F.(1899)。The Native Tribes of Central Australia。New York：The Macmillan Company。  new window
12.Gluckman, Max(1965)。Politics, Law and Ritual in Tribal Society。Chicago：Aldine Publishing Company。  new window
13.費孝通(2001)。師承．補課．治學。生活．讀書．新知三聯書店。  延伸查詢new window
14.Stocking, G.(1974)。The Shaping of American Anthropology, 1883-1911: A Franz Boas Reader。New York：Basic Books。  new window
圖書論文
1.Kuklick, H.(1997)。After Ishmael:The Fieldwork Tradition and Its Future。Anthropological Locations: Boundaries and Grounds of a Field Science。CA：University of California Press。  new window
2.Stocking, G.(1983)。The Ethnographer's Magic: Fieldwork in British Anthropology from Tylor to Malinowski。Observers Observed: Essays on Ethnographic Fieldwork。Madison：University of Wisconsin Press。  new window
3.Frazer, James G.(1961)。[Argonauts of the Western Pacific: An Account of Native Enterprise and Adventure in the Archipelagoes of Melanesian New Guinea] Preface。Argonauts of the Western Pacific: An Account of Native Enterprise and Adventure in the Archipelagoes of Melanesian New Guinea。New York：E.P. Dutton & Co. Inc.。  new window
 
 
 
 
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