文章使用2000年和2010年的全國人口普查數據,研究了教育擴展對提升少數民族教育獲得的影響,發現教育擴展顯著提升了少數民族的受教育年限,且相對漢族而言增加幅度更大。進一步通過"貢獻年數法"分析各級教育擴展對少數民族教育獲得的影響,發現由于多數人口的受教育程度依然停留在義務教育階段,因此義務教育的普及能夠更好地提升少數民族的受教育年限,并縮小與漢族的差距;這一現象在農村地區、西部地區和民族地區尤其明顯。以上研究結論意味著,為了進一步提升少數民族的教育獲得,一方面要繼續提高農村地區、西部地區和民族地區少數民族的義務教育普及率和高中教育普及率,另一方面,還要重點解決城鎮,以及東部地區和中部地區的高等教育資源分配不均等的問題。

Based on 2000 and 2010 Chinese census data,this article investigates education expansion’s impact on increasing minorities’ acquisition of education,finding that education expansion increased minorities’ acquisition of education significantly and more greatly than Han ethnic’s.Adopting "contribution years analysis method"to investigate education expansions in all levels’ impacts on minorities’ acquisition of education,we find that the popularization of compulsory education had a better effect on increasing minorities’ average years of education and narrowing the education acquisition gap between the Hans and ethnic minorities than other education levels,especially in western China,rural China and minority regions,because most Chinese’s education levels were in this stage.According to the conclusions above,we think that in order to increase minorities’ acquisition of education,on the one hand we should increase the minorities’ popularity rate of compulsory education and secondary education in western China,rural China and minority regions;on the other hand we should solve the problem that higher education resource is allocated unevenly between the Hans and minorities in urban China,eastern China and western China.