Through the existing researches on ethnic relation in the Southwestern China,especially based on the interpretation of related texts on the history of Han Dynasty in the Records of the Grand Historian,Book of the Former Han and Book of the Later Han,this paper sorts out the development and changes in terms of policy operation of the ethnic governance in the southwestern ethnic region during the Han Dynasty and the local economy and culture at that time,which reflects the development and evolution of ethnic relation in the Southwestern China.