Since 2014,General Secretary Xi Jinping has frequently stressed the apt learning and applying of the Marxist theory of political economy.He demands that Chinese economic circles grasp China’s particular conditions and developmental practice,conduct in-depth research on both the world economy and the new situation and problems that confront the Chinese economy,contribute Chinese wisdom to the innovative development of Marxist political economy,and constantly develop a new sphere of contemporary Chinese Marxist political economy.Guided and encouraged by the series of important speeches delivered by General Secretary Xi Jinping,Chinese economic circles are responding to the spring tide of Marxist development.Our journal has curated this written conversation on the development of the Marxist theory of political economy in contemporary China.The participating authors are Wei Xinghua,Honorary First-class Professor at Renmin University of China;Pang Jinju,Director of the Collaborative Innovation Center for the Socialist Economy with Chinese Characteristics and Professor at the Center for Political Economy of Nankai University;Gu Hailiang,Dean and Professor at Peking University’s Collaborative Innovation Center on the Chinese Path and Sinicized Marxism;Professor Hong Yinxing at the Business School of Nanjing University;Hu Peizhao,Convener of the Social Science Committee Economic Section of the Ministry of Education and Professor at the Institute of Economics of Xiamen University;and Professor Cheng Enfu,member of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Director of the Academic Division of Marxist Studies and Chairman of the World Association for Political Economy.These six writers adhere to the principle of combining theory and practice.They discourse on the outstanding cultural tradition of the Chinese nation as the "root" and Marxism as the "soul" in socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics;the "terminological revolution" in Marxist economics and the "systematization of economic theory" with Chinese characteristics;the reasons for including innovative theories of economic development into the subjects studied under socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics;a deeper understanding of distribution systems based on the fundamental economic system of the primary stage of socialism from the perspective of Marx’s labor theory of value;the construction of the theoretical system of Marx’s political economy;and the guiding significance of the reproduction theory in Capital for understanding the key role of investment in supply-side structural reform.We hope that this discussion of the basic principles,standpoints and methods of Marxist political economy,the sinicization of Marxism,the development of Marxist political economy with Chinese characteristics and the construction of the theoretical system of Marxist political economy will accelerate the construction and successful development of Marxist political economy in contemporary China.