This article discusses the basic structure and the own logic of modern educational thinking and acting in three parts. The first part analyses the status of education in the whole practice of mankind, and presents the methodological features of the problem-historical analysis. The second part is focused on some classical points of view in the history of pedagogy. We try to reconstruct an historical answer to the question about the logic of modern education in this part. The third part reflects on the logic of modern education itself from four triaxial Relations.