日本為了實現義務教育階段學校班級規模和教師配置的最大合理化,提高義務教育水準,消解基礎教育不平等現象,在1958年便頒布了《公立義務教育諸學校班級編成及教職員定額數標準法》。依據此法,日本先后進行了十次"教職員定額數調整計劃",逐步構建出學校班級編成與教師定額配置一體化系統,在縮小班級規模、提高教學質量、減少校園欺凌、避免學生輟學等方面發揮了良好的作用。梳理總結這十次調整計劃的內容及其重點措施,發現該政策特點主要有:長期推進教學小班化,努力降低生師比;堅持以學生為本,采用"標準加機動"的教師編制核定模式;完善法律制度,切實保障政策貫徹落實;適應現實需要,針對義務教育發展面臨的新形勢和新需求及時調整教師編制政策。

To realize the maximum rationalization of class size and teacher distribution in every school during the stage of compulsory education,eliminate the education inequality,maintain and raise the level of compulsory education,Japan government published the law of the standard of class structure and authorized number of teachers in compulsory schools in 1958.The law combined the class structure and the authorized number of Teachers into one system.Based on the law,MEXT(the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology) has been changing the plans of adjusting the teacher norm number for ten times.The plans have a good result in reducing class sizes,increasing the efficiency of teaching,reducing school bullying and the dropping out of students through the implementation of the plans.To summarize the contents of these plans,especially the characteristics of teacher distribution,can provide some references to the education development of China,especially in the aspect of the theory,the system and the teacher allocation.