法律要確保學生教育資料免遭教育機構、第三方的不當公開,同時也要為必要且合理的公開設定門檻。學生及家長對其教育資料享有知悉權、允許教育機構向第三方披露的同意權、更正權、監督與救濟權。依據使用受限程度的不同,美國學生的教育資料分為個人可識別信息、教育信息、目錄信息三種。目錄信息可供教育機構和第三方隨意使用,個人可識別信息非本人或者家長許可不得使用。教育信息的使用是否要受到學生及家長的同意,取決于兩項判斷標準:教育信息是否直接涉及學生的教育情況;教育信息是否由教育機構所掌握。其中,受學生與家長控制的一部分教育信息包括:與學籍管理有關的個人可識別信息;直接涉及學生的教育情況、且由教育機構掌握的學生成績評量、管教輔導資料;教職工私人對未成年學生的心理健康記錄;用于監測教學質量、提升學習效果的教師監視器影像等。

The law should set a threshold for the necessary and reasonable openness to keep the students’ education records away from the abusing of the educational institutions and the third-party. The students and their parents are entitled to the following rights: the right-to-know; the consent-right to allow the disclosure of the educational institutions to the others; the right to correct, supervise and make relief. According to the degree of the use limitation, the personal data of American student are divided into three categories: personally identifiable information; education records; and directory information. The directory information can be used at will by the educational institutions and the third-party. The personally identifiable information cannot be used without the permit of the students and their parents. Whether the use of education records need the agreement of the students and their parents depends on the two criteria as follows: the information is related to the educational situation of students directly; and it is maintained by an educational institution. The information maintained by the students and their parents includes: information about the student status management; materials about the achievement test and coach directly maintained by the educational institution; private students’ psychological health record by the staff; and the public monitoring image to supervise the quality of education and promote the learning outcome.