根據2014年中國老年社會追蹤調查(CLASS)數據,從身體和心理健康、經濟狀況、社會參與、養老期望幾個方面探討我國老年人養老的突出需求和特點。對老年人家庭規模、成員構成、居住方式、子女狀況等家庭養老資源和社會保障、醫療衛生服務、養老設施、社會服務等社會養老資源展開分析。研究發現:空巢家庭的老人已達47.53%;有12.54%的老年人需要不同程度的照料;失能老年人的孤獨感問題和農村老年人的認知問題比較突出;老年人的經濟獨立程度提高,但城鄉、地區之間的養老金差異較大;參與正式勞動就業的老年人比例下降而公益活動參與比例提升;我國老年人在享受老年優待、高齡津貼等福利方面取得了顯著進展,但養老設施或機構的覆蓋面存在明顯的城鄉差異。

Based on 2014 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey,this paper explores the principal demands of old-age care for the Chinese elderly through analyzing their physical and mental health,economic status,social participation,and expectations for old-age support.This paper further examines old people’s family resources such as their family size,family structure,living arrangements,and children’s situations and their social resources such as social security,medical and health services,facilities,and social services.The results show that 47.53% of the Chinese older people are living in the emptynest family.12.54% of the elderly need to be cared at different levels.Pension levels still vary considerably among different regions,although the economic independence of the elderly have been improved.Welfares such as the oldest-old allowance and preferential treatment for elderly have progressed remarkably.However,there are big differences between urban and rural areas in terms of the coverage of the old-age care institutions and facilities.