宗教倫理學旨在研究宗教倫理關系及其準則的一門科學,它的基本內容主要探討宗教中的倫理盟約、倫理教導、倫理法律以及因違背這些規則所犯下的倫理罪行。這種學說與聶珍釗教授的文學倫理學學說有很多相同之處,尤其是在用宗教倫理學研究文學的時候。卡夫卡的小說,具有濃厚的宗教倫理和文學倫理的氛圍。卡夫卡對猶太教的棄絕,使他成為了大地上的異鄉人。正是這種棄絕上帝后所處的孤獨生存境況,使他比同時代的西方人,對"上帝之死"后的現代西方人在精神和靈魂上無家可歸的孤獨感、恐懼感和絕望感有更深切的感受。因此,在卡夫卡的小說中,主人公對人類失去的精神家園的渴求和尋找更加急迫。在卡夫卡看來,現代西方人的孤獨、恐懼和漂泊,根本原因在于違背了上帝的倫理盟約,并犯下了以通奸和棄絕上帝為代表的倫理原罪。

Religious ethics aims to study the relations of religious ethics and its basic tenets, such as ethical testaments, instructions, laws as well as the ethical sins that people commit due to the violation of these rules. Religious ethics has much in common with literary ethics advocated by Professor Nie Zhenzhao, especially when it is used to study literature. Kafka’s fiction is highly characterized with the religious ethics and literary ethics. The desertion of Judaism made Kafka a lonely man in the world. It was this desertion of God and his lonely living condition that made Kafka more concerned than his contemporaries with the mood of loneliness, fear and despair felt by the modern westerners after the death of God. Therefore, in Kafka’s novels, the protagonists are more eager to look for man’s lost spiritual home. To Kafka, the fundamental reason that modern westerners suffer from loneliness, fear and vagrancy lies in that they have disobeyed the ethical testaments of the God and committed the ethical original sins represented by adultery and the desertion of God.