美國金融機構的種族歧視與種族隔離__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	美國金融機構的種族歧視與種族隔離
書刊名：	世界民族
作者：	孫群郎
出版日期：	2016
卷期：	2016(5)
頁次：	27-36
主題關鍵詞：	種族歧視；種族隔離；地產評估；住宅保險；抵押貸款
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:0 點閱:5

美國金融機構的種族歧視政策是導致黑人等少數族裔種族隔離的重要原因之一。由于美國地產評估行業對黑人的地產估價較低,地產保險機構不愿為黑人地產提供保險,住宅抵押貸款機構不愿向黑人群體和黑人社區發放貸款,導致黑人很難到郊區購買住宅,迫使黑人高度集中于中心城市,造成了黑人高度城市化、高度隔離化和低度郊區化的現象。雖然美國各級政府的金融改革產生了一些積極的影響,但黑人等少數族裔的種族隔離現象仍然持續存在。

以文找文

Racial discrimination policy by the financial institutions in the U. S. is one of the important causes of apartheid of black and other ethnic minorities. The American real estate appraiser industry valuates real estate of blacks relatively very low and real estate insurance agencies are reluctant to provide property of the blacks with insurance. Furthermore residential mortgage lenders do not want to give loans to the black groups and the black communities,so that the blacks can hardly purchase residential in the suburbs,and they have to concentrate in urban centers. As a result they became highly urbanized,isolated and lowly suburbanized.While the financial reforms at all levels of government of US have had some positive impacts,the apartheid of blacks and other ethnic minorities continues.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Howell, Benjamin(2006)。Exploiting Race and Space: Concentrated Subprime Lending as Housing Discrimination。California Law Review，94(1)，101-147。
2.	Lubken, Uwe(2010)。Governing Floods and Riots: Insurance, Risk, and Racism in the Postwar United States。Historical Social Research，35(4)，278-279。
3.	Squires, Gregory D.、Dewolfe, Ruthanne、Dewolfe, Alan S.(1979)。Urban Decline or Disinvestment: Redlining and the Role of the Insurance Industry。Social Problems，27(1)，83-84。
4.	Ladd, Helen F.(1998)。Evidence on Discrimination in Mortgage Lending。The Journal of Economic Perspectives，12(2)。
5.	Schneider, Mark、Phelan, Thomas(1993)。Black Suburbanization in the 1980s。Demography，30(2)。
6.	Massey, Douglas S.、Denton, Nancy A.(1988)。Suburbanization and Segregation in U. S. Metropolitan Area。The American Journal of Sociology，94(3)。

圖書
1.	Squires, Gregory D.(1992)。From Redlining to Reinvestment: Community Responses to Urban Disinvestment。Philadelphia：Temple University Press。
2.	Wiese, Andrew(2004)。Places of Their Own: African American Suburbanization in the Twentieth Century。Chicago：The University of Chicago Press。
3.	U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Assistant Secretary for Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity(1977)。Redlining and Disinvestment as a Discriminatory Practice in Residential Mortgage Loans。Washington, D. C.：U. S. Government Printing Office。
4.	Squires, Gregory D.(1997)。Insurance Redlining: Disinvestment, Reinvestment, and the Evolving Role of financial Institutions。Washington, D. C.：The Urban Institute Press。
5.	Kirp, David L.、Dwyer, John P.、Rosenthal, Larry A.(1995)。Our Town: Race, Housing, and the Soul of Suburbia。New Brunswick, NJ：Rutgers University Press。
6.	U. S. Commission on Civil Rights(1974)。Equal opportunity in suburbia : a report of the United States Commission on Civil Rights。Washington, D. C.。
7.	Squires, Gregory D.、O'Connor, Sally(2001)。Color and Money: Politics and Prospects for Community Reinvestment in Urban America。Albany：State University of New York Press。
8.	Ross, Stephen、Yinger, John(2002)。The Color of Credit: Mortgage Discrimination, Research Methodology, and Fair-Lending Enforcement。Cambridge, Mass：The MIT Press。
9.	Bobo, Benjamin F.(2001)。Locked in and Locked out: The Impact of Urban Land Use Policy and Market Forces on African Americans。Westport, Connecticut：Praeger Publishers。
10.	Illinois Legislative Investigating Commission(1975)。Redlining: Discrimination in Residential Mortgage Loans: A Report to the Illinois General Assembly。Chicago：The Authority of the State of Illinois。
11.	U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research(1980)。Equal Credit Opportunity: Accessibility to Mortgage Funds By Women and by Minorities。Washington, D. C.：U. S. Government Printing Office。
12.	阿列克斯•施瓦茲、黃瑛(2008)。美國住房政策。中信出版社。延伸查詢
13.	Wirt, Frederick M.(1972)。On the City' Rim: Politics and Policy in Suburbia。Lexington, Massachusetts：D. C. Heath and Company。
14.	Sidney, Mara S.(2003)。Unfair Housing: How National Policy Shapes Community Action。Lawrence：University Press of Kansas。
15.	Gillham, Oliver(2002)。The Limitless City: A Primer on the Urban Sprawl Debate。Washington, D. C.：Island Press。

圖書論文
1.	Lynch, William H.(1997)。NAACP v. American Family。Insurance Redlining: Disinvestment, Reinvestment, and the Evolving Role of financial Institutions。Washington, D. C.：The Urban Institute Press。
2.	Klein, Robert W.(1997)。Availability and Affordability Problems in Urban Homeowners Insurance Markets。Insurance Redlining: Disinvestment, Reinvestment, and the Evolving Role of financial Institutions。Washington, D. C.：The Urban Institute Press。
3.	Smith, Shanna L.、Cloud, Cathy(1997)。Documenting Discrimination by Homeowners Insurance Companies through Testing。Insurance Redlining: Disinvestment, Reinvestment, and the Evolving Role of financial Institutions。Washington, D. C.：The Urban Institute Press。

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