在日益激烈的競爭中,決策和效率已成為組織獲得競爭力的關鍵因素,但在管理實踐中往往會出現以犧牲效率來達到決策優化的目的。為了在保證效率甚至提高效率的基礎上優化組織的決策,本文首次從基于效率進行多屬性決策的角度,將DEA方法和TOPSIS方法進行組合。DEA方法不僅可以對具有多種投入多種產出指標的組織的相對效率進行測算,還可求得決策單元(Decision Making Unit,DMU)各指標的松弛改進量,這使得DEA方法與TOPSIS方法進行組合在理論上是可行的。以首都醫科大學為例,假設組織為了提高整體的效率競爭力,希望在2013年效率的基礎上使有效DMU的個數增加,并在實現過程中使各指標松弛改進總量盡可能小(即使改變盡可能"容易")。將首都醫科大學附屬的10所三甲綜合醫院作為DMUs,并運用DEA-TOPSIS組合方法,從提高技術效率的角度進行了研究。研究結果表明,DEA-TOPSIS組合方法不僅可以有效地對基于效率的決策備選方案進行排序,還可以通過選擇不同的模型和指標處理方法以盡可能地反映實際情況,具有很強的實踐價值。

In an increasingly competitive environment,decision making and efficiency have become to be the key factors.But in practice,managers usually appear to achieve the purpose of optimizing decision-making with the sacrifice efficiency.This practice is very easy to make managers in the dilemma of care for this and lose that.Therefore,ensuringor even improving efficiency is crucial during the process of optimization of decision making.However,no scholars have combined the data envelopment analysis(DEA)method with the decision method in existing researches,which is in order to solve the problem of optimizing the decision based on the current relative efficiency.From the perspective of multi criteria decision making,based on the current efficiency,the DEA method is firstly combined with technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)method.The DEA-TOPSIS integrated method can deal with the issue of multi criteria decision making on the base of efficiency assurance.DEA is a non-parametric method that measures therelative efficiencies of organizations,which is with multi inputs and outputs.This method also can calculate the inputs and outputs’ slack improvements of ineffective decision making units(DMUs).These slack improvements provide a clear direction and goal for further decision making optimization based on the efficiency.TOPSIS method is widely used in multi criteriadecision making problems.As DEA method,TOPSIS method’sbasic idea is to sort alternatives according to the evaluation of ideal and negative ideal distance between the targets.So it is feasible in theory to integrate the DEA method and TOPSIS method.DEA-TOPSIS integrated method consists of two stages:the first stage is to measure theDMUs’ relative efficiencyby DEA,and determine the decision alternatives set according to the efficiency values and decision goals.The second stage is to constructthe decision matrix according to the projections of inefficiency DMUs,then rank the alternatives using TOPSIS method.Taking Capital Medical University for example,the organization is assumed,in order to improve its efficiency,intend to increase the numbers of DEA efficient DMUs.Meanwhile the organization’objective is to minimize the slack improvements(i.e.let the revolution easier)during the efficiency improvement.The 10 class1,Grade 3 general affiliation hospitals as the DMUs,we study the technical efficiency by using the DEA-TOPSIS integrated method.2008~2013 is taken as the observation period,and 3 inputs-including the number of employees(person),the purchase of medical equipment gross this year(million yuan)and the number of beds(zhang)-and 1 output-outpatients(person)are selected.The data are derived from the Beijing health Yearbook 2009~2014.The results show that DEA-TOPSIS method can not only rank the alternatives effectively,but also reflect the actual situation by choosing different models or index disposal methods.This research can provide some management ideas and references for similar organizations,such as administrations of hospital,education departments,group corporations,etc.