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題名:中國環境信息公開的政策變遷:路徑與邏輯解釋
書刊名:中國人口.資源與環境
作者:孫巖劉紅艷李鵬
出版日期:2018
卷期:2018(2)
頁次:168-176
主題關鍵詞:環境信息公開政策變遷倡議聯盟框架外部事件政策學習Environmental information disclosurePolicy changeAdvocacy coalition frameworkMajor eventsPolicy learning
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自1989年環保法明確提出環境信息公開理念以來,我國環境信息公開歷經了30年的實踐與發展,環境信息公開政策經不斷地調整與變遷逐步走向完善。如何解釋這一政策變遷內在的過程邏輯,是理解政策發展、進而主動調試政策走向的關鍵環節,也是豐富中國本土政策變遷理論及因應當下信息公開頂層設計的必要探討。基于此,本文應用案例研究方法,以倡議聯盟框架及政策學習理論為分析框架,對環境信息公開政策變遷歷程的路徑、動力因素及變遷邏輯進行分析。研究發現:我國環境信息公開實踐的發展呈現了由"隱含式公開"經"半公開"到現今"正式公開""集中式公開"的表征。從政策視角看,存在內部與外部兩條互相交織的路徑共同推進環境信息公開政策變遷。外部路徑表現為重大事件直接或間接推動政府政策的出臺;內部路徑表現為各聯盟為維護地位與話語權而爭取資源并進行政策學習,推進了政策漸進式演進。其間涉及四個關鍵變量:重大事件、聯盟資源、政策學習及政策信念。四個變量相互作用與影響并解釋了政策變遷的邏輯:外部事件或焦點事件的發生影響了原有的政策信念體系,進而影響倡議聯盟結構及其資源,各聯盟利用外部事件帶來的影響進行策略選擇來爭取聯盟資源,并在期間開展政策學習,政策學習進而促進新的政策信念的產生,帶來政策變遷。目前來看,環境信息公開顯現出政策發展較被動、社會學習的條件不成熟、政策核心信念尚未達成共識等問題。為此,中央政府應主動扭轉外部途徑推動政策變遷、整合部委、地方政府間碎片化的聯盟資源,推進社會學習及核心信念共識的達成。同時,民間組織應加強主動式政策學習,履行環境信息公開政策執行與政策實踐中的監督責任,形成環境信息公開的社會常態。
Since the environmental law established the concept of environmental information disclosure in 1989, China ’s environmental information disclosure has experienced over thirty years of the progress of practice and development. How to explain the internal logic of this policy change progress is the critical link to understand the policy development and then to actively adjust the policy. It is also necessary to enrich the theory of policy change in China and to make top-level design of information disclosure system.Based on this,the paper uses a case study method and takes theories of Advocacy Coalition Framework and Policy Learning as the analysis framework to analyze the path,dynamic factors and change logic of the environmental information disclosure policy. The result shows that the development of environmental information disclosure in China presents a process,from ‘implicit disclosure’to ‘semi public’,and then to ‘formal public ’ and ‘centralized public ’. From the perspective of policy,there are two interwoven paths between internal and external,jointly promoting the progress of environmental information disclosure policy. The external path reflects that the major events directly or passively promote the policy change; and the internal path reflects that the alliance seeking resources to maintain status and discourse power in politics,proceeds policy learning and progressively promotes the policy change. The process involves four interacting variables: major events,alliance resources,policy learning and policy beliefs,which explain the logic of policy change: the occurrence of external or focal events affect the original policy belief system,and thereby affect the initial structure and resources; then,the alliance uses the impact of external events to make strategic choices so as to strive for Alliance Resources and to conduct policy learning during the period,which leads to the emergence of new policy belief and thus promotes policy change. At present,the development of environmental information disclosure policy is passive,the social learning condition is immature,and the policy core belief has not yet reached a consensus. Therefore,the central government should take the initiative to reverse the external path,integrate fragmented resources between ministries and local governments,and promote social learning and the consensus of core belief. At the same time, non-governmental organizations should strengthen active policy learning, and fulfill the supervision responsibility of the implementation and practice of environmental information disclosure policy,so as to form the social norm of environmental information disclosure.
 
 
 
 
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